Trypanosoma cruzi:Study of the Distribution of Two Widespread Clonal Genotypes in BolivianTriatoma infestansVectors Shows a High Frequency of Mixed Infections

Bosseno, Marie-France; Tellería, Jenny; Vargas, Fernando; Yaksic, Nina; Noireau, François; Morin, Annie; Brenière, Simone Frédérique

doi:10.1006/expr.1996.0075

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…This result was in agreement with the high prevalence of this clone in Bolivian domestic cycle. 35,36,37 The Tulahuen Chilean stock and the corresponding laboratory clone were more related to MN cl2 than to SO34 cl4 as previously observed. 5 The Panamean stock (Z34) also was clustered in T. cruzi II and was more related to the 2 Colombian stocks included in this group.…”

Section: Differentiation Between American Trypanasoma Stockssupporting

confidence: 75%

Isoenzyme clustering of Trypanosomatidae Colombian populations.

Montilla¹,

GUHL²,

Jaramillo³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Thirty-six Trypanosomatidae stocks isolated from various hosts and geographical areas in Colombia and 7 others from Bolivia, Chile, Honduras and Panama have been surveyed by Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE). Part of the Colombian stocks were previously characterized by morphology and biological behavior as belonging to Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli taxa, others were unknown species. The genetic variability observed at 13 different loci was considerable, since 38 zymodemes could be distinguished and 2 upper branches were observed. The first branch corresponded to T. cruzi and was divided in the two major phylogenetic subdivision of T. cruzi (T. cruzi I, T. cruzi II). The majority of the Colombian T. cruzi stocks (92%) felt into T. cruzi I. Only two stocks, isolated from sylvatic mammals, belonged to T. cruzi II. Among T. cruzi I, we did not observed any additional phylogenetic subdivision and host-dependent genotype specificity. The second branch was genetically very heterogeneous and included all T. rangeli stocks, the stocks isolated from bats and one stock isolated from a sylvatic R. prolixus vector. The stocks belonging to T. rangeli presented only one locus instead of two for the malic enzyme system. Since, the upper level of resolution of the isoenzyme method was exceeded, the current clustering study failed to draw a clear distinction between such a diverse set of Trypanosomatidae species.

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Section: Differentiation Between American Trypanasoma Stockssupporting

confidence: 75%

Isoenzyme clustering of Trypanosomatidae Colombian populations.

Montilla¹,

GUHL²,

Jaramillo³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Not working with clones may also have biased our results, since there is evidence that mixed infections with two lineages may only be revealed when clones are genotyped (Montamat et al, 1992, Yeo et al, 2005, 2007 or when parasites are typed directly from fecal samples (Bosseno et al, 1996;Marcet et al, 2006) or from other clinical specimens (Burgos et al, 2007(Burgos et al, , 2008. Resident host individuals not examined for infection or who had disappeared shortly before the surveys may also have contributed to the observed household distribution of lineages in an unknown way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of domestic and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern Argentina

Cardinal

Lauricella

Ceballos

et al. 2008

International Journal for Parasitology

110

108

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Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi populations and parasite transmission dynamics have been well documented throughout the Americas, but few studies have been conducted in the Gran Chaco ecoregion, one of the most highly endemic areas for Chagas disease, caused by T. cruzi. In this study we assessed the distribution of T. cruzi lineages (identified by PCR strategies) in Triatoma infestans, domestic dogs, cats, humans and sylvatic mammals from two neighboring rural areas with different histories of transmission and vector control in northern Argentina. Lineage II predominated among the 99 isolates characterized and lineage I among the six isolates obtained from sylvatic mammals. Trypanosoma cruzi lineage IIe predominated in domestic habitats; it was found in 87% of 54 isolates from Tr. infestans, in 82% of 33 isolates from dogs, and in the four cats found infected. Domestic and sylvatic cycles overlapped in the study area in the late 1980s, when intense domestic transmission occurred, and still overlap marginally. The introduction of T. cruzi from sylvatic into domestic habitats is likely to occur very rarely in the current epidemiological context. The household distribution of T. cruzi lineages showed that Tr. infestans, dogs and cats from a given house compound shared the same parasite lineage in most cases. Based on molecular evidence, this result lends further support to the importance of dogs and cats as domestic reservoir hosts of T. cruzi. We believe that in Argentina, this is the first time that lineage IIc has been isolated from naturally-infected domestic dogs and Tr. infestans.

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“…2008), thus promoting the accumulation of mixed DTU infections (Bosseno et al . 1996; Yeo et al . 2005), as well as infrahost multiclonality and co‐infections with other trypanosome species, such as Trypanosoma rangeli (Dias et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T. cruzi genetic analysis is further complicated by the presence of mixed DTU infections (Bosseno et al . 1996; Yeo et al . 2005; Burgos et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological host fitting of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI in Bolivia: mosaic population structure, hybridization and a role for humans in Andean parasite dispersal

et al. 2015

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An improved understanding of how a parasite species exploits its genetic repertoire to colonize novel hosts and environmental niches is crucial to establish the epidemiological risk associated with emergent pathogenic genotypes. Trypanosoma cruzi, a genetically heterogeneous, multi‐host zoonosis, provides an ideal system to examine the sylvatic diversification of parasitic protozoa. In Bolivia, T. cruzi I, the oldest and most widespread genetic lineage, is pervasive across a range of ecological clines. High‐resolution nuclear (26 loci) and mitochondrial (10 loci) genotyping of 199 contemporaneous sylvatic TcI clones was undertaken to provide insights into the biogeographical basis of T. cruzi evolution. Three distinct sylvatic parasite transmission cycles were identified: one highland population among terrestrial rodent and triatomine species, composed of genetically homogenous strains (A r = 2.95; PA/L = 0.61; DAS = 0.151), and two highly diverse, parasite assemblages circulating among predominantly arboreal mammals and vectors in the lowlands (A r = 3.40 and 3.93; PA/L = 1.12 and 0.60; DAS = 0.425 and 0.311, respectively). Very limited gene flow between neighbouring terrestrial highland and arboreal lowland areas (distance ~220 km; FST = 0.42 and 0.35) but strong connectivity between ecologically similar but geographically disparate terrestrial highland ecotopes (distance >465 km; FST = 0.016–0.084) strongly supports ecological host fitting as the predominant mechanism of parasite diversification. Dissimilar heterozygosity estimates (excess in highlands, deficit in lowlands) and mitochondrial introgression among lowland strains may indicate fundamental differences in mating strategies between populations. Finally, accelerated parasite dissemination between densely populated, highland areas, compared to uninhabited lowland foci, likely reflects passive, long‐range anthroponotic dispersal. The impact of humans on the risk of epizootic Chagas disease transmission in Bolivia is discussed.

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Trypanosoma cruzi:Study of the Distribution of Two Widespread Clonal Genotypes in BolivianTriatoma infestansVectors Shows a High Frequency of Mixed Infections

Cited by 48 publications

References 1 publication

Isoenzyme clustering of Trypanosomatidae Colombian populations.

Isoenzyme clustering of Trypanosomatidae Colombian populations.

Molecular epidemiology of domestic and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern Argentina

Ecological host fitting of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI in Bolivia: mosaic population structure, hybridization and a role for humans in Andean parasite dispersal

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