Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from human, vector, and animal reservoir in the same endemic region in Mexico and typed as T. cruzi I, discrete typing unit 1 exhibit considerable biological diversity

Immunological Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi Lineages in Human Infection Along the Endemic Area

“…19-22, 24, 41 However, in the north of South America, Central America, and Mexico, currently available data show a clear dominance of TcI in both transmission cycles. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Our results from Argentinean and Paraguayan patients indicate almost exclusive anti-TCII reactivity, even in the particular situation of the Amerindians in the Chaco Region of Paraguay where the detection of TcI may be expected because of the lack of barrier between the sylvatic and domestic areas. T. cruzi I was only observed in a few cases of mixed infection, which coincides with the results that Di Noia and others 25 report.…”

“…It was detected causing human infections in Colombia, Mexico, and Central America and in a few autochthonous cases in the United States. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In the southern cone of South America, this group has been mainly associated with the sylvatic transmission, whereas TcII, TcV, and TcVI DTUs (included in TCII) show a high prevalence in the domestic cycle, causing the vast majority of infections in humans and other mammalian hosts. [19][20][21][22] Most typing studies have been performed by employing T. cruzi isolates obtained from blood samples or maintained by serial passages in cultures.…”

Combined parasitological and molecular-based diagnostic tools improve the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in single peripheral blood samples from patients with Chagas disease

“…TcII has also been detected using the same markers with high homology among different hosts and locations in northeastern semiarid 62 . TcI is associated with human infection in the Amazon, the Andean region, Central America, Mexico, and endemic areas of Southeastern and Northeastern Brazil [63][64][65][66][67] . Few cases of human infection caused by TcI have been described in Brazil 63,68 .…”

Short-term therapy with simvastatin reduces inflammatory mediators and heart inflammation during the acute phase of experimental Chagas disease

“…Even with a significant reduction in the levels of inflammatory mediators, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, 30-40% mortality was expected in mice during peak parasitaemia based on the biological characteristics of the Colombian strain in isogenic C57BL/6 mice (Talvani et al 2000, Paula-Costa et al 2010. Unfortunately, mice do not survive well due to the alterations in the metabolic pathways that are a result of a persistent inflammatory response induced by specific strains of T. cruzi (Sánchez-Guillén et al 2006), which is a limitation of this experimental model. However, mortality in our experimental model of Chagas disease could be delayed if we initiated a statin plus an anti-T. cruzi drug chemotherapeutic strategy, as previously demonstrated by Urbina et al (1993).…”