Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes associated with domestic Triatoma sordida in Bolivia

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, presents wide genetic diversity. Currently, six discrete typing units (DTUs), named TcI to TcVI, and a seventh one called TcBat are used for strain typing. Beyond the debate concerning this classification, this systematic review has attempted to provide an inventory by compiling the results of 137 articles that have used it. A total of 6,343 DTU identifications were analyzed according to the geographical and host origins. Ninety-one percent of the data available is linked to South America. This sample, although not free of potential bias, nevertheless provides today’s picture of T. cruzi genetic diversity that is closest to reality. DTUs were genotyped from 158 species, including 42 vector species. Remarkably, TcI predominated in the overall sample (around 60%), in both sylvatic and domestic cycles. This DTU known to present a high genetic diversity, is very widely distributed geographically, compatible with a long-term evolution. The marsupial is thought to be its most ancestral host and the Gran Chaco region the place of its putative origin. TcII was rarely sampled (9.6%), absent, or extremely rare in North and Central America, and more frequently identified in domestic cycles than in sylvatic cycles. It has a low genetic diversity and has probably found refuge in some mammal species. It is thought to originate in the south-Amazon area. TcIII and TcIV were also rarely sampled. They showed substantial genetic diversity and are thought to be composed of possible polyphyletic subgroups. Even if they are mostly associated with sylvatic transmission cycles, a total of 150 human infections with these DTUs have been reported. TcV and TcVI are clearly associated with domestic transmission cycles. Less than 10% of these DTUs were identified together in sylvatic hosts. They are thought to originate in the Gran Chaco region, where they are predominant and where putative parents exist (TcII and TcIII). Trends in host-DTU specificities exist, but generally it seems that the complexity of the cycles and the participation of numerous vectors and mammal hosts in a shared area, maintains DTU diversity.

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“…rattus caught in peridomiciles of dwellings in the region of Chiquitania in Bolivia where T . sordida is the main vector species [59]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

2016

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“…En otros países de la región, como en Bolivia donde T. sordida es la segunda especie considerada de importancia epidemiológica, un estudio realizado en el Dpto. de Santa Cruz (corresponde a la eco-región del Chaco), han reportado la presencia de T. cruzi en un 16,2% de los ejemplares de T. sordida del intradomicilio (20).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Triatoma sordida: indicadores de adaptación y transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi en intradomicilio del Chaco Paraguayo

Sánchez

Russomando

Chena

et al. 2016

Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud

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El gran Chaco es una eco-región que incluye Argentina, Bolivia y Paraguay; donde la trasmisión vectorial de la enfermedad de Chagas por Triatoma infestans (vector principal), constituye hasta la fecha un problema de salud pública. El Chaco paraguayo ocupa el 25% de esta región, caracterizada por una baja densidad poblacional y localidades dispersas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el rol potencial de la especie Triatoma sórdida (vector secundario) en el ciclo doméstico de transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi. Se aplicaron técnicas moleculares asociadas a indicadores entomológicos y epidemiológicosa436 ejemplares de T. sordida capturados en 147 viviendas del Chaco Paraguayo. Se detectó infestación y colonización en el intradomicilio y peridomicilio por T. sordida en 12 (8.2%) y 79 (53.7%) viviendas de las 147 evaluadas, respectivamente. Al menos un ejemplar infectado con T. cruzi fue detectado por PCR en las 12 viviendas con colonización intradomiciliar y en dos de ellas por caracterización molecular se detectó en ninfas el genotipo TC2. Adultos y ninfas en el peridomicilio de 4 viviendas dieron positivo para el genotipo TC1. Se estima un elevado riesgo de transmisión de T. cruzi intradomiciliar del 87%.Estos resultados evidencian capacidad adaptativa de esta especie en el domicilio, y un incremento de su potencial vectorial para transmitir la enfermedad de Chagas en el Chaco Paraguayo. Palabras claves: T. cruzi, genotipos, T.sordida, infestación, colonizaciónTriatoma sordida: indicators of adaptive capacity and Trypanosoma cruzi intradomicile transmission in the Paraguayan Chaco A B S T R A C TThe Gran Chaco is an eco-region that includes Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay; where the vectorial transmission of Chagas disease by Triatoma infestans (main vector) is a public health problem up to date. The Paraguayan Chaco occupies 25% of this region, characterized by low population density and dispersed locations. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of the specie Triatoma sordida (secondary vector) in the domestic cycle of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecular techniques associated with entomological and epidemiological indicators were applied in 436 specimens of T. sordida captured in 147 dwellings of the Paraguayan Chaco. Infestation rate and colonization by T. Sordida was detected in the intradomicile and peridomiciliary in 12 (8.2%) and 79 (53.7%) of the 147 dwellings, respectively. In 12 houses were colonization was observed, at least one specimen was PCR-T. cruzi positive, and in two of them genotype TC2 of T. cruzi were

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“…It is important to note that these strains were isolated from R. prolixus (Table 1), the main vector of Chagas disease in Colombia (Molina et al 2000;Moncayo 2003). In this respect, some studies have revealed variability in different T. cruzi populations from diverse triatomid species (Solari et al 1998;Brenière et al 1998b) and showed differential susceptibility to triatomid infection by the parasite (Cerisola et al 1971;Perlowagora-Szumlewicz et al 1988). In a parallel investigation, we have seen that T. cruzi I strains included in this study isolated from R. prolixus exhibited larger infectivity to Vero cells than strains isolated from T. dimidiata (Luna et al unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITS–RFLP- and RAPD-based genetic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi I, human and vector strains in Santander (Colombia)

et al. 2009

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Chagas disease is a severe public health problem in Latin-American countries. In Colombia, the predominance of Trypanosoma cruzi I has been described in the literature, with a broad heterogeneity between strains. However, most of the studies carried out centered on isoenzyme analysis, with a smaller number that focus on other molecular methods. In this report, we discuss the results of a molecular analysis of T. cruzi I strains, isolated from the domestic cycle, from the department of Santander, one of the territorial divisions where the prevalence of infection is highest. Internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphism and random amplification of polymorphic DNA were used to characterize 16 strains from human and vector (Triatominae) hosts. The data reveal a clustering based on the biological origin. Human and vector strains grouped separately; however, three vector strains clustered together with human strains. These results indicate that genetic differences exist in the strains that infect both hosts. We conclude that T. cruzi I populations in the domestic cycle of transmission of Chagas disease in Santander are heterogeneous and are composed of different clones. The epidemiological and biological implications are discussed.

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Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes associated with domestic Triatoma sordida in Bolivia

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

Triatoma sordida: indicadores de adaptación y transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi en intradomicilio del Chaco Paraguayo

ITS–RFLP- and RAPD-based genetic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi I, human and vector strains in Santander (Colombia)

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