Trypanosoma cruzi: allelic comparisons of the actin genes and analysis of their transcripts

Cevallos, Ana Marı́a; López‐Villaseñor, Imelda; Espinosa, Norma; Herrera, Juliana; Hernández, Roberto

doi:10.1016/s0014-4894(03)00066-3

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…They cluster in 12 subfamilies with varying intron positions and numbers, which range from zero to six (Table 1). Genes encoding actin have been cloned also in several other protists [43], including apicomplexans [44], which, together with ciliates such as Paramecium and Tetrahymena , belong to the phylum Alveolata. In Cryptosporidium , the actin gene is intronless, and in Toxoplasma it has one intron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The actin multigene family of Paramecium tetraurelia

Sehring

Mansfeld²,

Reiner

et al. 2007

BMC Genomics

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Background: A Paramecium tetraurelia pilot genome project, the subsequent sequencing of a Megabase chromosome as well as the Paramecium genome project aimed at gaining insight into the genome of Paramecium. These cells display a most elaborate membrane trafficking system, with distinct, predictable pathways in which actin could participate. Previously we had localized actin in Paramecium; however, none of the efforts so far could proof the occurrence of actin in the cleavage furrow of a dividing cell, despite the fact that actin is unequivocally involved in cell division. This gave a first hint that Paramecium may possess actin isoforms with unusual characteristics. The genome project gave us the chance to search the whole Paramecium genome, and, thus, to identify and characterize probably all actin isoforms in Paramecium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The actin multigene family of Paramecium tetraurelia

Sehring

Mansfeld²,

Reiner

et al. 2007

BMC Genomics

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“…cruzi SSU rDNA has approximately 114 copies per genome (Castro et al, 1981), while EF-1α, DHFR-TS and TR are single copy genes (Sullivan and Walsh, 1991;Reche et al, 1994;Billaut-Mulot et al, 1996). The actin gene has three copies per diploid genome (Cevallos et al, 2003), two of them in tandem at one chromosome (copy 1 and copy 2) and the third one in the homolog chromosome (copy 3). Only copies 2 and 3 have identity at the 3' non-translated region.…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Of Trypanosoma Cruzimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using slow evolutionary rate genes prevents homoplasy, considering that the estimated divergence between T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II could be up to 88 million years old (Briones et al, 1999;Kawashita et al, 2001). Our study is probably not compromised by paralogy since, excepting 18S or SSU rDNA, the only gene that is not single copy (actin) was amplified using a 3' oligonucleotide located in a region conserved only in two gene copies from homologous chromosomes (copies 2 and 3) (Cevallos et al, 2003). The phylogenies presented here sample a wide interval of the whole genome of T. cruzi since these genes are distant from each other, thus increasing the chance of eventual independent segregation and evolution.…”

Section: Phylogenies Of Nuclear Genes and The Hybrid Nature Of Subgromentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype distribution of five nuclear genes based on network genealogies and Bayesian inference indicates that Trypanosoma cruzi hybrid strains are polyphyletic

Tomazi¹,

Kawashita²,

Pereira³

et al. 2009

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABStRAct. Chagas disease is still a major public health problem in Latin America. Its causative agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, can be typed into three major groups, T. cruzi I, T. cruzi II and hybrids. These groups each have specific genetic characteristics and epidemiological distributions. Several highly virulent strains are found in the hybrid group; their origin is still a matter of debate. The null hypothesis is that the hybrids are of polyphyletic origin, evolving independently from various hybridization events. The alternative hypothesis is that all extant hybrid strains originated from a single hybridization event. We sequenced both alleles of genes encoding EF-1α, actin and SSU rDNA of 26 T. cruzi strains and DHFR-TS and TR of 12 strains. This information was used for network genealogy analysis and Bayesian phylogenies. We found T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II to be monophyletic and that all hybrids had different combinations of T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II haplotypes plus hybrid-specif- Trypanosoma cruzi hybrids are polyphyletic ic haplotypes. Bootstrap values (networks) and posterior probabilities (Bayesian phylogenies) of clades supporting the monophyly of hybrids were far below the 95% confidence interval, indicating that the hybrid group is polyphyletic. We hypothesize that T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II are two different species and that the hybrids are extant representatives of independent events of genome hybridization, which sporadically have sufficient fitness to impact on the epidemiology of Chagas disease.

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“…Employing the pTREXL vectors as starting point, the additional SM series HG and GA (Figure 2) were produced. In the latter the IS relative to the actin 1 and actin 2 tandem copy genes [20,21] was inserted downstream from the resistance genes. As a host vector for the different HG and GA SMs series the minimal, pUC derived, pMCS plasmid was constructed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid Vectors and Molecular Building Blocks for the Development of Genetic Manipulation Tools for Trypanosoma cruzi

et al. 2013

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The post genomic era revealed the need for developing better performing, easier to use and more sophisticated genetic manipulation tools for the study of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. In this work a series of plasmids that allow genetic manipulation of this protozoan parasite were developed. First of all we focused on useful tools to establish selection strategies for different strains and which can be employed as expression vectors. On the other hand molecular building blocks in the form of diverse selectable markers, modifiable fluorescent protein and epitope-tag coding sequences were produced. Both types of modules were harboured in backbone molecules conceived to offer multiple construction and sub-cloning strategies. These can be used to confer new properties to already available genetic manipulation tools or as starting points for whole novel designs. The performance of each plasmid and building block was determined independently. For illustration purposes, some simple direct practical applications were conducted.

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Trypanosoma cruzi: allelic comparisons of the actin genes and analysis of their transcripts

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

The actin multigene family of Paramecium tetraurelia

The actin multigene family of Paramecium tetraurelia

Haplotype distribution of five nuclear genes based on network genealogies and Bayesian inference indicates that Trypanosoma cruzi hybrid strains are polyphyletic

Plasmid Vectors and Molecular Building Blocks for the Development of Genetic Manipulation Tools for Trypanosoma cruzi

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