Trypanosoma cervi from Alaskan Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus

Kingston, N.; Morton, Jamie; Dieterich, Robert A.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb05447.x

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Trypanosome cross-infections of cervids and bovids have not been confirmed experimentally or by molecular epidemiology [8,12,15,21,24,25,33,53,59]. In Venezuela, we found WTD infected with T. perronei sp.…”

Section: Host-parasite-vector Relationships and Evolutionary History mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In North American cervids, Megatrypanum trypanosomes have been reported in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) [2,3], red deer (Cervus elaphus) [4], roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) [5][6][7], reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) [8], mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) [3,9], moose (Alces alces) [10], white-tailed deer (WTD) (Odocoileus virginianus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) [3,11,12]. In Europe, Megatrypanum trypanosomes have been described in fallow deer (Cervus dama), red deer and roe deer in Germany [6], reindeer and moose in Sweden [13], roe deer in Poland [14], and red deer in Croatia [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Megatrypanum trypanosomes are generally non-pathogenic to domestic and wild ruminants including deer [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation

García

Blanco

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The subgenus Megatrypanum comprises trypanosomes of cervids and bovids from around the world. Here, Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer = WTD) and its ectoparasite, the deer ked Lipoptena mazamae (hippoboscid fly), were surveyed for trypanosomes in Venezuela. Results Haemoculturing unveiled 20% infected WTD, while 47% (7/15) of blood samples and 38% (11/29) of ked guts tested positive for the Megatrypanum- specific TthCATL-PCR. CATL and SSU rRNA sequences uncovered a single species of trypanosome. Phylogeny based on SSU rRNA and gGAPDH sequences tightly cluster WTD trypanosomes from Venezuela and the USA, which were strongly supported as geographical variants of the herein described Trypanosoma ( Megatrypanum ) perronei sp. n. In our analyses, T. perronei was closest to T . sp. D30 of fallow deer (Germany), both nested into TthII alongside other trypanosomes of cervids (North American elks and European fallow, red and sika deer), and bovids (cattle, antelopes and sheep). Insights into T. perronei life cycle were obtained from early haemocultures of deer blood and co-culture with mammalian and insect cells showing flagellates resembling Megatrypanum trypanosomes previously reported in deer blood, and deer ked guts. For the first time, a trypanosome from a cervid was cultured and phylogenetically and morphologically (light and electron microscopy) characterised. Conclusions In the analyses based on SSU rRNA, gGAPDH, CATL and ITS rDNA sequences, neither cervids nor bovids trypanosomes were monophyletic but intertwined within TthI and TthII major phylogenetic lineages. One host species can harbour more than one species/genotype of trypanosomes, but each trypanosome species/genotype was found in a single host species or in phylogenetically related hosts. Molecular evidence that L. mazamae may transmit T. perronei suggests important evolutionary constraints making tight the tripartite T. perronei –WTD–deer ked association. In a plausible evolutionary scenario, T. perronei entered South America with North American WTD at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary following the closure of the Panama Isthmus.

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Section: Host-parasite-vector Relationships and Evolutionary History mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation

García

Blanco

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Unidentified trypanosomes were first recovered from the blood of North American cervid species (Kingston et al, 1982a;Schmidt and Roberts, 1985).…”

Section: Trypanosoma Cervimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cervi-like trypanosomes have been isolated from at least two families of the order Artiodactyla (Antilocapridae and Cervidae) including all North American cervid species (Kingston et al, 1982a;Schmidt and Roberts, 1985).…”

Section: Trypanosoma Cervimentioning

confidence: 99%

The electrokaryotype and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma cervi isolates using recombinant DNA techniques

Bennett¹

2000

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Robert L. Mil l etteThe distribution of trypanosomes infecting wild ruminants of North America has only recently been investigated . Many isolates have been mensurally studied and were determined to be conspecific with Trypanosoma cervi. Widely divergent forms exist however, between host species and seasonally within a host . To determine the validity of all inclusions in the taxon and the extent of intraspecific variability , trypanosome isolates of moose, reindeer , antelope, muledeer, Roosevelt Elk and two discrete transplant populations of Rocky Mountain elk were characterized and differentiated using recombinant DNA techniques.The isolates were extensively cultured and DNA was extracted from the cells with several methods.Chromosome profiles were prepared using 14. 15.Genomic digest with EcoRI and SmaI . . . . Van der Ploeg et al., 1984;Gibson et al., 1985;Scholler et al., 1986;Paindavoine et al., 1986;De Jonckheere, 1987;Aymerich and Goldenberg, 1989 animals (see Table I). Genomic digest with BamHI and BglIIMembers of the section Salivaria are exclusively extracellular and develop in the anterior station (salivary glands or foregut) of their invertebrate host. This section is composed mostly of trypanosomes with an infective metacyclic stage, which is transmitted between the mammalian hosts by the hypodermic feeding habits of the insect vector, usually a tsetse fly (Glossina) or horseflies (Tabanidae). T. evansl * T. brucel T. equlperdum From white-tailed deer in the southeastern USA (Kingston et al., 1977). Trypanosoma cerviUnidentified trypanosomes were first recovered from the blood of North American cervid species (Kingston et al., 1982a;Schmidt and Roberts, 1985).Most of these isolates were mensurally characterized from the trypomastigotes available in blood smears. All of the bloodstream forms were determined to be conspecific with Trypanosoma cerv.i (new species, Kingston and Morton, 1975; Kingston et al., 198S) which has been subgenericaly classified as a Megatrypanum in the section Stercoraria (see Figure 7). Some doubt persisted however, in the taxonomic designation of T. cervi because widely divergent sizes and forms existed between bloodstream isolates of host species and even from season to season within a single host (see Tables II and III). The single specific designation did appear valid when based on the Kinetoplast Index (KI) which was comparable between isolates, except in the case of moose (see Table III). Often however, a sufficient nrunber trypomastigotes could not be recovered for critical statistical analysis (Kingston et al., 1985) because the natural parasitemias of T. cervi are typically so low. As in the case of antelope, these isolates were available in the morphologically diverse cultured forms only and could not be used for the critical measurements. , 1985b;1985c; Bose et al., 1987). Although the complete life cycle of neither T. cervi nor T. theileri is known, tabanid flies carrying epimastigotes of T. theileri and other Megatrypanum have been used in experim...

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A new species of mammalian trypanosome, Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) bubalisi sp. nov., found in the freshwater leech Hirudinaria manillensis

Wang

Tingbao

et al. 2022

International Journal for Parasitology

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Trypanosoma cervi from Alaskan Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation

Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation

The electrokaryotype and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma cervi isolates using recombinant DNA techniques

A new species of mammalian trypanosome, Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) bubalisi sp. nov., found in the freshwater leech Hirudinaria manillensis

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