Trypanosoma brucei: miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique for detection of low parasitaemias: adaptation for field use

Lumsden, W. H. R.; Kimber, C.D.; Evans, David A.; Doig, S.J.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(79)90092-0

Cited by 154 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…CATT whole blood seropositives were tested subsequently in CATT on plasma (Magnus et al, 1978). Parasitological tests (mAECT which is the mini anion exchange column technique Lumsden et al, 1979, and direct examination of lymph node aspirate) were only performed on the subjects positive to CATT on plasma or harbouring adenopathies.…”

Section: Sleeping Sickness Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsetse elimination: its interest and feasibility in the historical sleeping sickness focus of Loos islands, Guinea

Kagbadouno¹,

Camara²,

Bouyer

et al. 2009

Parasite

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Summary :Guinea is the West African country which is currently the most prevalent for sleeping sickness. The littoral area is the region where most of the recent sleeping sickness cases have been described, especially the mangrove sleeping sickness foci of Dubreka and Boffa where Glossina palpalis gambiensis is the vector. Loos islands constitute a small archipelago 5 km apart from the capital, Conakry. Medical, animal, and entomological surveys were implemented in these islands in Oct-Nov 2006. No pathogenic trypanosomes were found in these surveys. The locally very high tsetse densities (up to more than 100 tsetse/trap/day) linked to pig rearing, constitute a high potential risk for humans (taking into account populations movements with neighboring active sleeping sickness foci of the Guinea littoral, and the history of sleeping sickness on these islands), and for the economically important pig rearing, as well as a danger for tourism. This situation, associated to the possibility of elimination of these tsetse populations due to low possibility of reinvasion, led the National Control Program to launch a tsetse elimination project following an "area wide" strategy for the first time in West Africa, which participates in the global objective of the PATTEC (Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign). Résumé

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Section: Sleeping Sickness Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsetse elimination: its interest and feasibility in the historical sleeping sickness focus of Loos islands, Guinea

Kagbadouno¹,

Camara²,

Bouyer

et al. 2009

Parasite

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“…Direct detection of trypanosomes in host blood was performed by using the miniature anion exchange centrifugation technique (m-AECT) (Lumsden et al 1979;Mehlitz 1986). In brief, z ml polypropylene syringes were filled with DEAE-cellulose (type DE52; Whatman, Maidstone, UK) pre-swollen in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 8.2.…”

Section: Direct Detection Of Trypanosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleeping sickness in Zaire: a nested polymerase chain reaction improves the identification of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense by specific kinetoplast DNA probes

Schares¹,

Mehlitz²

1996

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryBlood samples coliected in the sleeping sickness focus of Boma, Zaire, from human patients and domestic animals were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of trypanosome DNA. The comparison of PCR and miniature anion exchange centrifugation technique (m-AECT) results clearly shows that in domestic animals mixed infections (Trypanozoon/Trypanosoma [Nannomonas] congolense) are more frequently diagnosed by PCR than by m-AECT. Trypanozoon positive blood samples were further analysed for Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense. For that purpose amplified minicircle kinetoplast DNA (minicircle kDNA) was differentiated in gambiense and non-gambiense by hybridization with DNA probes. To analyse blood samples, especially those with low parasite numbers, the amplification step had to be improved by a nested PCR. Subsequent hybridization was done with kDNA probes generated by PCR from blood samples which had been obtained from a human patient infected with T. (T.) b. gambiense and a pig infected with Trypanozoon. The hybridization results clearly show that at least two genotypes of Trypanozoon parasites occur in the sleeping sickness focus of Boma, Bas-Zaire. One obviously corresponds to T. (T.) b. gambiense and was present in humans and two domestic animals (pig, dog). The other genotype seems to be associated with T. (T.) 6. brucei and could be detected only in the blood of domestic animals. This is the first time that field samples could be analysed by a technique which facilitates the molecular identification of T. (T. j b. gambiense without prior cloning, propagation, and/or isolation of the parasites. Therefore, this technique seems to be a promising tool to elucidate the significance of the animal reservoir for the epidemiology of the gambiense sleeping sickness in Africa.

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“…[12], in blood samples obtained at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 29-34 days after pen-tamidine administration, showed that only three patients (2, 3 and 10) had uniformly detectable concentrations. The plasma phenobarbitone concentrations varied between 20 and 86 gmol l-1, except in patient 10 whose levels were in the range [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] ,umol 1-1 (the therapeutic range for treatment of convulsive disorders is 40-135 gmol l-l). A majority of the subjects were also given a single intramuscular injection of betamethasone (Diprostene®, ScheringPlough, Levallois-Perret, France).…”

Section: Concomitant Medicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions after a single dose of pentamidine in patients with Trypanosoma gambiense sleeping sickness.

Bronner

Gustafsson

Doua

et al. 1995

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 Plasma concentrations of pentamidine were measured up to 1-8 months after a single 2 h i.v. infusion of 3.0 to 4.8 mg kg-1 pentamidine isethionate in 11 patients with late stage Trypanosoma gambiense sleeping sickness. 2 Maximum plasma drug concentrations varied between 713 and 2461 nmol 1-1.After termination of infusion, a rapid distribution phase over 10 min was followed by a slower distribution phase and an elimination phase prolonged over weeks to months. 3 The 'terminal'"elimination rate constant could be determined in six patients and subsequent kinetic calculations showed a three to fourfold variation in plasma clearance and 'terminal' half-life (median 1126 (range 553-2036) ml min-1 and 265 (107-446) h, respectively). The median apparent volume of distribution (Vss) was 11 850 1. Renal clearance accounted for a median of 11% of total plasma clearance, indicating that metabolism is a major route of pentamidine elimination in man. 4 Side effects were few and mild and a slight or moderate decrease in blood pressure was the most common registered adverse reaction observed in four subjects. 5 The prolonged elimination of pentamidine seems inconsistent with the present recommended dosage regimen of pentamidine for treatment of trypanosomiasis of 7 to 10 parenteral doses given once daily or every second day.

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Trypanosoma brucei: miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique for detection of low parasitaemias: adaptation for field use

Cited by 154 publications

References 7 publications

Tsetse elimination: its interest and feasibility in the historical sleeping sickness focus of Loos islands, Guinea

Tsetse elimination: its interest and feasibility in the historical sleeping sickness focus of Loos islands, Guinea

Sleeping sickness in Zaire: a nested polymerase chain reaction improves the identification of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense by specific kinetoplast DNA probes

Pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions after a single dose of pentamidine in patients with Trypanosoma gambiense sleeping sickness.

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