Trypanosoma avium: Novel Features of the Kinetoplast Structure

Lukeš, Julius; Votýpka, Jan

doi:10.1006/expr.2000.4559

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with a Jeol 1200 or a Zeiss 900 transmission electron microscope (Carl‐Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The thickness of the kinetoplasts was measured according to Lukeš and Votýpka ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental and Ultrastructural Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosoma herthameyeri n. sp. of Brazilian Leptodactilydae Frogs

Attias

Sato

Ferreira

et al. 2016

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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We described the phylogenetic affiliation, development in cultures and ultrastructural features of a trypanosome of Leptodacylus chaquensis from the Pantanal biome of Brazil. In the inferred phylogeny, this trypanosome nested into the Anura clade of the basal Aquatic clade of Trypanosoma, but was separate from all known species within this clade. This finding enabled us to describe it as Trypanosoma herthameyeri n. sp., which also infects other Leptodacylus species from the Pantanal and Caatinga biomes. Trypanosoma herthameyeri multiplies as small rounded forms clumped together and evolving into multiple-fission forms and rosettes of epimastigotes released as long forms with long flagella; scarce trypomastigotes and glove-like forms are common in stationary-phase cultures. For the first time, a trypanosome from an amphibian was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, revealing a cytostome opening, well-developed flagellar lamella, and many grooves in pumpkin-like forms. Transmission electron microscopy showed highly developed Golgi complexes, relaxed catenation of KDNA, and a rich set of spongiome tubules in a regular parallel arrangement to the flagellar pocket as confirmed by electron tomography. Considering the basal position in the phylogenetic tree, developmental and ultrastructural data of T. herthameyeri are valuable for evolutionary studies of trypanosome architecture and cell biology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental and Ultrastructural Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosoma herthameyeri n. sp. of Brazilian Leptodactilydae Frogs

Attias

Sato

Ferreira

et al. 2016

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…Measurements were taken for 20 specimens of each type of flagellate: blood trypomastigotes of isolate TryCC 425 and culture epimastigotes and wide and slender trypomastigotes of isolates of both TryCC 425 and TryCC 1052. The thickness of the kinetoplasts was measured for $ 10 ultrathin sections of each isolate according to Lukes and Votýpka (2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analyses Based on Small Subunit rRNA and Glycosomal Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes and Ultrastructural Characterization of Two Snake Trypanosomes: Trypanosoma serpentis n. sp. from Pseudoboa nigra and Trypanosoma cascavelli from Crotalus durissus terrificus

Viola

Attias

Takata

et al. 2009

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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We sequenced the small subunit (SSU) rRNA and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) genes of two trypanosomes isolated from the Brazilian snakes Pseudoboa nigra and Crotalus durissus terrificus. Trypanosomes were cultured and their morphometrical and ultrastructural features were characterized by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic trees inferred using independent or combined SSU rRNA and gGAPDH data sets always clustered the snake trypanosomes together in a clade closest to lizard trypanosomes, forming a strongly supported monophyletic assemblage (i.e. lizard-snake clade). The positioning in the phylogenetic trees and the barcoding based on the variable V7-V8 region of the SSU rRNA, which showed high sequence divergences, allowed us to classify the isolates from distinct snake species as separate species. The isolate from P. nigra is described as a new species, Trypanosoma serpentis n. sp., whereas the isolate from C. d. terrificus is redescribed here as Trypanosoma cascavelli.

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“…The UMS is the specific binding site for the UMS-binding protein (UMSBP), which is involved in kDNA replication [28] and anti UMSBP from Crithidia fasciculata has been used to detect homologous proteins in other trypanosomatids such as T. cruzi , Leishmania donovani and T. brucei [28–30]. Some trypanosomes isolated from birds such as T. avium possess what appears to be a unique kinetoplast, with unusually large minicircles [26, 31, 32] that make them intrinsically important tool in trying to understand kinetoplastid evolution and biology. As a result of the pleomorphism of avian trypanosomes within species, it has been suggested that in vitro investigations may be more reliable when trying to characterise their structure and understand the differences between species as in vitro studies provide a more stable environment [6, 33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative molecular and 3-dimensional structural investigation into cross-continental and novel avian Trypanosoma spp. in Australia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMolecular and structural information on avian Trypanosoma spp. throughout Australia is limited despite their intrinsic value in understanding trypanosomatid evolution, diversity, and structural biology. In Western Australia tissue samples (n = 429) extracted from 93 birds in 25 bird species were screened using generic PCR primers to investigate the diversity of Trypanosoma spp. To investigate avian trypanosome structural biology the first 3-dimensional ultrastructural models of a Trypanosoma spp. (Trypanosoma sp. AAT) isolated from a bird (currawong, Strepera spp.) were generated using focussed ion beam milling combined with scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM).ResultsHere, we confirm four intercontinental species of avian trypanosomes in native Australian birds, and identify a new avian Trypanosoma. Trypanosome infection was identified in 18 birds from 13 different bird species (19%). A single new genotype was isolated and found to be closely related to T. culicavium (Trypanosoma sp. CC2016 B002). Other Trypanosoma spp. identified include T. avium, T. culicavium, T. thomasbancrofti, Trypanosoma sp. TL.AQ.22, Trypanosoma sp. AAT, and an uncharacterised Trypanosoma sp. (group C-III sensu Zidková et al. (Infect Genet Evol 12:102-112, 2012)), all previously identified in Australia or other continents. Serially-sectioning Trypanosoma sp. AAT epimastigotes using FIB-SEM revealed the disc-shaped kinetoplast pocket attached perpendicular to the branching mitochondrion. Additionally, the universal minicircle sequence within the kinetoplast DNA and the associated binding protein were determined in Trypanosoma sp. AAT.ConclusionsThese results indicate that bird trypanosomes are relatively conserved across continents, while being locally diverse, which supports the hypothesis that bird trypanosomes exist as fewer species than described in the literature. Evidence exists that avian Trypanosoma spp. are infecting mammals and could be transmitted by haemadipsid leeches. Trypanosoma sp. AAT is most likely a separate species currently found only in Australia and the first 3-dimentional ultrastructural analysis of an avian trypanosome provides interesting information on their morphology and organelle arrangement.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2173-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Trypanosoma avium: Novel Features of the Kinetoplast Structure

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Developmental and Ultrastructural Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosoma herthameyeri n. sp. of Brazilian Leptodactilydae Frogs

Developmental and Ultrastructural Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosoma herthameyeri n. sp. of Brazilian Leptodactilydae Frogs

Phylogenetic Analyses Based on Small Subunit rRNA and Glycosomal Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes and Ultrastructural Characterization of Two Snake Trypanosomes: Trypanosoma serpentis n. sp. from Pseudoboa nigra and Trypanosoma cascavelli from Crotalus durissus terrificus

A comparative molecular and 3-dimensional structural investigation into cross-continental and novel avian Trypanosoma spp. in Australia

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