“…An effective substitution system would provide two distinct sets of possible replacements, such as {smart, intelligent, bril-liant} and {shining, luminous}, respectively. The implicit disambiguation provided by substitution systems has shown itself to be useful in several fields, such as word sense induction [Başkaya et al, 2013;Amrami and Goldberg, 2018;Arefyev et al, 2019], text augmentation [Jia et al, 2019;Arefyev et al, 2020], word sense disambiguation [Hou et al, 2020] or text simplification [Bingel et al, 2018]. However, despite its possible uses, there is a lack of appropriate largescale resources for the task [Soler et al, 2019].…”