Trusted 5G Vehicular Networks: Blockchains and Content-Centric Networking

Ortega, Víctor; Bouchmal, Faiza; Monserrat, José F.

doi:10.1109/mvt.2018.2813422

Cited by 109 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The work [94] presented a blockchain-based broker mechanism for IoT devices in 5G networks, in which network resources can be securely leased to end users in a privacy-protected manner. Moreover, the study presented in [95] showed that the introduction of blockchain to network slicing can further improve the reliability of the content sharing in information-centric networks (ICN) [96].…”

Section: B Network Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Blockchain and Edge Computing for Secure and Scalable IIoT Critical Infrastructures in Industry 4.0

Dai

Wang

2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

209

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Critical infrastructure systems are vital to underpin the functioning of a society and economy. Due to ever-increasing number of Internet-connected Internet-of-Things (IoTs) / Industrial IoT (IIoT), and high volume of data generated and collected, security and scalability are becoming burning concerns for critical infrastructures in industry 4.0. The blockchain technology is essentially a distributed and secure ledger that records all the transactions into a hierarchically expanding chain of blocks. Edge computing brings the cloud capabilities closer to the computation tasks. The convergence of blockchain and edge computing paradigms can overcome the existing security and scalability issues. In this paper, we first introduce the IoT/IIoT critical infrastructure in industry 4.0, and then we briefly present the blockchain and edge computing paradigms. After that, we show how the convergence of these two paradigms can enable secure and scalable critical infrastructures. Then, we provide a survey on state-of-the-art for security and privacy, and scalability of IoT/IIoT critical infrastructures. A list of potential research challenges and open issues in this area is also provided, which can be used as useful resources to guide future research.

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Section: B Network Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Blockchain and Edge Computing for Secure and Scalable IIoT Critical Infrastructures in Industry 4.0

Dai

Wang

2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

209

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“…It is noted that votes to validate a message are not required for n hop > 1. It is simply because the validation of message has been done by adjacent witness nodes (mining nodes at n hop = 1) through a camera or location/speed verification [48]. All other nodes beyond the first hop may not have access to validate the originator.…”

Section: A the Proposed Poqf Consensusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proof-of-Quality-Factor (PoQF)-Based Blockchain and Edge Computing for Vehicular Message Dissemination

Ayaz

Sheng

Tian

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Blockchain applications in vehicular networks can offer many advantages including decentralization and improved security. However, most of consensus algorithms in blockchain are difficult to be implemented in a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) without the help of edge computing services. For example, the connectivity in VANET only remains for a short period of time, which is not sufficient for highly time consuming consensus algorithms, e.g., Proof-of-Work, running on mobile edge nodes (vehicles). Other consensus algorithms also have some drawbacks, e.g. Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is biased towards nodes with higher amount of stakes and Proof-of-Elapsed-Time (PoET) is not highly secure against malicious nodes. For these reasons, we propose a voting blockchain based on Proof-of-Quality-Factor (PoQF) consensus algorithm, where threshold number of votes is controlled by edge computing servers. Specifically, PoQF includes voting for message validation and a competitive relay selection process based on probabilistic prediction of channel quality between transmitter and receiver. The performance bounds of failure and latency in message validation are obtained. The paper also analyzes the throughput of block generation, as well as the asymptotic latency, security and communication complexity of PoQF. An incentive distribution mechanism to reward honest nodes and punish malicious nodes is further presented and its effectiveness against collusion of nodes is proved using game theory. Simulation results show that PoQF reduces failure in validation by 11% and 15% as compared to PoS and PoET, respectively, and is 68 ms faster than PoET.

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“…The convergence of blockchain in next-generation vehicular communications based on 5G opens up new opportunities to empower 5G V2X networks, capabilities, applications, and services, as given in Table 8. Some research works are based on the integration of blockchain with cellular networks in V2X communications [79] and [80]. The authors in [79] presented 5G-based vehicular networks that enable technologies, like Content Centric Networking (CCN) based on blockchain for secure vehicular communications.…”

Section: Integration Of Blockchain With Cellular Technology In V2xmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some research works are based on the integration of blockchain with cellular networks in V2X communications [79] and [80]. The authors in [79] presented 5G-based vehicular networks that enable technologies, like Content Centric Networking (CCN) based on blockchain for secure vehicular communications. The authors use CCN instead of TCP/IP and allowed blockchains to monitor the confidentiality of information quality, source, and authenticity of information shared among the participating vehicles.…”

Section: Integration Of Blockchain With Cellular Technology In V2xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of V2X Communication and Integration of Blockchain for Security Enhancements

et al. 2020

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With the rapid evolution in wireless communications and autonomous vehicles, intelligent and autonomous vehicles will be launched soon. Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communications provides driving safety, traffic efficiency, and road information in real-time in vehicular networks. V2X has evolved by integrating cellular 5G and New Radio (NR) access technology in V2X communications (i.e., 5G NR V2X); it can fulfill the ever-evolving vehicular application, communication, and service demands of connected vehicles, such as ultra-low latency, ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-high reliability, and security. However, with the increasing number of intelligent and autonomous vehicles and their safety requirements, there is a backlash in deployment and management because of scalability, poor security and less flexibility. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) plays a significant role in bringing cloud services closer to vehicular nodes, which reduces the scalability and flexibility issues. In addition, blockchain has evolved as an effective technology enabler to solve several security, privacy, and networking issues faced by the current 5G-based MEC systems in vehicular networks. Blockchain can be integrated as a strong security mechanism for securing and managing 5G V2X along with MEC. In this survey, we discuss, in detail, state-of-the-art V2X, its evolution based on cellular 5G technology and non-cellular 802.11bd. We investigate the integration of blockchain in 5G-based MEC vehicular networks for security, privacy protection, and content caching. We present the issues and challenges in existing edge computing and 5G V2X and, then, we shed some light on future research directions in these integrated and emerging technologies.

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Trusted 5G Vehicular Networks: Blockchains and Content-Centric Networking

Cited by 109 publications

References 12 publications

Convergence of Blockchain and Edge Computing for Secure and Scalable IIoT Critical Infrastructures in Industry 4.0

Convergence of Blockchain and Edge Computing for Secure and Scalable IIoT Critical Infrastructures in Industry 4.0

A Proof-of-Quality-Factor (PoQF)-Based Blockchain and Edge Computing for Vehicular Message Dissemination

Evolution of V2X Communication and Integration of Blockchain for Security Enhancements

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