“…A wide range of neuromuscular neck models has been presented in the literature ranging from 1-pivot models (Fard, Ishihara, & Inooka, 2003;Peng, Hain, & Peterson, 1997 to detailed multisegment models (Almeida, Fraga, Silva, & Silva-Carvalho, 2009;Brolin, Hedenstierna, Halldin, Bass, & Alem, 2008;Chancey, Nightingale, Van Ee, Knaub, & Myers, 2003;Hedenstierna, 2008;Meijer et al, 2013;Stemper, Yoganandan, & Pintar, 2004;van Ee et al, 2000;Wittek, Kajzer, & Haug, 2000;Yoganandan, Pintar, & Cusick, 2002) and partial finite element models Meyer, Bourdet, Gunzel, & Willinger, 2013;Meyer, Bourdet, Willinger, Legall, & Deck, 2004;Meyer & Willinger, 2009). To study stabilization of individual intervertebral joints, a multisegment model is needed, but we are not aware of any previous multisegment neck model to achieve stabilization in prolonged dynamic loading.…”