Trunk, pelvis, and knee kinematics during running in females with and without patellofemoral pain

Haghighat, Farzaneh; Ebrahimi, Samaneh; Rezaie, Mohammadreza; Shafiee, Ehsan; Shokouhyan, Seyed Mohammadreza; Motealleh, Alireza; Parnianpour, Mohamad

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.06.023

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moderate-certainty evidence from 3 (126 participants) [ 77 , 79 , 90 ] and 2 studies (143 participants) [ 88 , 89 ] showed no differences between groups for trunk flexion during running (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = − 0.15 to 0.79; Z = 1.33, P = 0.18 [Fig. 4 A]) and stair ascent and descent (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = − 0.32 to 0.34; Z = 0.05, P = 0.96 [Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moderate-certainty evidence from 4 studies (158 participants) [ 77 , 79 , 85 , 90 ] showed no differences between groups for ipsilateral trunk lean during running (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI = − 0.12 to 0.52; Z = 1.20, P = 0.23 [Fig. 4 D]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals with PFP presented greater trunk flexion during landing tasks [ 80 , 91 ], whereas no differences were found during running and stepping tasks [ 77 , 79 , 88 – 90 ]. Landing tasks impose higher patellofemoral joint loading compared to walking, stepping, and squatting tasks [ 133 ] and may reflect the upper limits of lower‐limb joint loading experienced [ 134 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trunk Biomechanics in Individuals with Knee Disorders: A Systematic Review with Evidence Gap Map and Meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background The trunk is the foundation for transfer and dissipation of forces throughout the lower extremity kinetic chain. Individuals with knee disorders may employ trunk biomechanical adaptations to accommodate forces at the knee or compensate for muscle weakness. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature comparing trunk biomechanics between individuals with knee disorders and injury-free controls. Methods Five databases were searched from inception to January 2022. Observational studies comparing trunk kinematics or kinetics during weight-bearing tasks (e.g., stair negotiation, walking, running, landings) between individuals with knee disorders and controls were included. Meta-analyses for each knee disorder were performed. Outcome-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), and evidence gap maps were created. Results A total of 81 studies investigating trunk biomechanics across six different knee disorders were included (i.e., knee osteoarthritis [OA], total knee arthroplasty [TKA], patellofemoral pain [PFP], patellar tendinopathy [PT], anterior cruciate ligament deficiency [ACLD], and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [ACLR]). Individuals with knee OA presented greater trunk flexion during squatting (SMD 0.88, 95% CI 0.58–1.18) and stepping tasks (SMD 0.56, 95% CI 0.13–.99); ipsilateral and contralateral trunk lean during walking (SMD 1.36; 95% CI 0.60–2.11) and sit-to-stand (SMD 1.49; 95% CI 0.90–2.08), respectively. Greater trunk flexion during landing tasks in individuals with PFP (SMD 0.56; 95% CI 0.01–1.12) or ACLR (SMD 0.48; 95% CI 0.21–.75) and greater ipsilateral trunk lean during single-leg squat in individuals with PFP (SMD 1.01; 95% CI 0.33–1.70) were also identified. No alterations in trunk kinematics of individuals with TKA were identified. Evidence gap maps outlined the lack of investigations for individuals with PT or ACLD, as well as for trunk kinetics across knee disorders. Conclusion Individuals with knee OA, PFP, or ACLR present with altered trunk kinematics in the sagittal and frontal planes. The findings of this review support the assessment of trunk biomechanics in these individuals in order to identify possible targets for rehabilitation and avoidance strategies. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019129257.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trunk Biomechanics in Individuals with Knee Disorders: A Systematic Review with Evidence Gap Map and Meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…For example, patellofemoral pain is related to elevated frontal plane knee excursion and less knee flexion and less pelvic drop on the unloaded side. 46 Runners with ITB pain increase hip adduction at foot contact, knee rotation during the stance phase and knee abduction at push-off compared to runners without this pain. 46 Running through pain can produce compensatory biomechanics and loading at other anatomical sites.…”

Section: Running Through Noncritical Chronic Painmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…46 Runners with ITB pain increase hip adduction at foot contact, knee rotation during the stance phase and knee abduction at push-off compared to runners without this pain. 46 Running through pain can produce compensatory biomechanics and loading at other anatomical sites. Our clinical experience is that runners with initial pain at one site who continue training develop secondary pain(s) elsewhere.…”

Section: Running Through Noncritical Chronic Painmentioning

confidence: 95%

Injury Prevention, Safe Training Techniques, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport in Trail Runners

Vincent

Brownstein

Vincent

2022

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation

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This current concept, narrative review provides the latest integrated evidence of the musculoskeletal injuries involved with trail running and therapeutic strategies to prevent injury and promote safe participation. Running activities that comprise any form of off-road running (trail running, orienteering, short-long distance, different terrain, and climate) are relevant to this review. Literature searches were conducted to 1) identify types and mechanisms of acute and chronic/ overuse musculoskeletal injuries in trail runners, 2) injury prevention techniques most relevant to running trails, 3) safe methods of participation and rehabilitation timelines in the sport. The majority of acute and chronic trail running-related musculoskeletal injuries in trail running occur in the lower leg, primarily in the knee and ankle. More than 70% are due to overuse, and ankle sprains are the most common acute injury. Key mechanisms underlying injury and injury progression include inadequate neuromotor control-balance-coordination, running through fatigue, and abnormal kinematics on variable terrain. Complete kinetic chain prehabilitation programs consisting of dynamic flexibility, neuromotor strength and balance, and plyometrics exercise can foster stable, controlled movement on trails. Patient education about early musculoskeletal pain symptoms and training adjustment can help prevent injury from progressing to serious overuse injuries. Real-time adjustments to cadence, step length, and knee flexion on the trail may also mitigate impactrelated risk for injury. After injury occurs, rehabilitation will involve similar exercise components, but it will also incorporate rest and active rest based on the type of injury. Multicomponent prehabilitation can help prevent musculoskeletal injuries in trail runners through movement control and fatigue resistance.

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Acute effects of negative heel shoes on perceived pain and knee biomechanical characteristics of runners with patellofemoral pain

Gu,

Zheng,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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BackgroundTo determine the effects of negative heel shoes on perceived pain and knee biomechanical characteristics of runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP) during running.MethodsSixteen runners with PFP ran in negative (−11 mm drops) and positive (5 mm drops) heel shoes while visual analog scale (VAS) scores, retroreflective markers, and ground reaction force were acquired by applying a 10‐cm VAS, infrared motion capture system, and a three‐dimensional force plate. Knee moment, patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS), and other biomechanical parameters during the stance phase were calculated based on inverse dynamics and a biomechanical model of the patellofemoral joint.ResultsThe foot inclination angle, peak PFJS during the stance phase, patellofemoral joint reaction force, knee extension moment, and quadriceps force at the time of peak PFJS of runners with PFP in negative heel shoes were lower than that in positive heel shoes, no significant difference was found in VAS scores, knee flexion angle, patellofemoral contact area, and quadriceps moment arm at the time of peak PFJS.ConclusionsCompared to positive heel shoes, running in negative heel shoes decreases peak PFJS in runners with PFP, which may decrease patellofemoral joint loading, thus reducing the possibility of further development of PFP.Trail RegistrationSports Science Experiment Ethics Committee of Beijing Sport University. 2023095H, April 18, 2023 (prospectively registered).

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Trunk, pelvis, and knee kinematics during running in females with and without patellofemoral pain

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Trunk Biomechanics in Individuals with Knee Disorders: A Systematic Review with Evidence Gap Map and Meta-analysis

Trunk Biomechanics in Individuals with Knee Disorders: A Systematic Review with Evidence Gap Map and Meta-analysis

Injury Prevention, Safe Training Techniques, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport in Trail Runners

Acute effects of negative heel shoes on perceived pain and knee biomechanical characteristics of runners with patellofemoral pain

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