Trunk Fat and Blood Pressure in Children Through Puberty

He, Qing; Horlick, Mary; Fedun, Barbara; Wang, Jack; Pierson, Richard N.; Heshka, Stanley; Gallagher, Dympna

doi:10.1161/hc0902.104706

Cited by 70 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Consequently, for many with high BP levels, measures directed at the long-term prevention of cardiovascular morbidity may need to be started in adolescence to achieve maximal effectiveness. Even though BMI and all the adiposity indices were found to be significantly associated with BP levels in both sexes, BMI and body fat mass showed the strongest association, most closely related to SBP in both genders and to DBP only in males, in agreement with the literature data indicating that BMI contributes significantly to BP variability (19)(20)(21)24,27,46) , even in non-obese subjects (24,25) . The correlation between parental and adolescents' BMI values supports previous findings (18,(54)(55)(56) showing an influence of both parents' BMI on their children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

Turconi

Maccarini²,

Bazzano

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate blood pressure (BP) levels and their relationship with different indices of body fat in a group of adolescents, in order to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and plan preventive and corrective strategies. Design: Cross-sectional study in primary care. Setting: All high schools in the Aosta Valley region, northern Italy. Subjects: Five hundred and thirty-two adolescents of both sexes, aged 15Á4 (standard deviation 0Á7) years. The following parameters were measured: body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI), four skinfold thicknesses, body fat mass, waist and hip circumferences and BP. Results: BMI data indicated a high prevalence of overweight subjects in both sexes, but higher in males, while the prevalence rate of obese adolescents was lower. Of the total, 11Á8 % of subjects suffered from systolic hypertension, while 6Á9 % suffered from diastolic hypertension. In linear correlation analysis, BMI and all adiposity indices, except waist:hip ratio, were found to be significantly associated (P ranging between 0Á05 and 0Á001) with both systolic BP and diastolic BP in both sexes, with r ranging between 0Á152 and 0Á359. Multiple regression analysis with the stepwise method showed BMI and body fat mass to have the strongest association (P , 0Á001) with BP, with r ranging between 0Á275 and 0Á359. Conclusion: Unless reversed, these conditions are worrying and predict the possible development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. There is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive medical and nutrition plan, together with preventive and corrective strategies, in school programmes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

Turconi

Maccarini²,

Bazzano

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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“…42,43 In children, gender differences in abdominal adiposity are closely linked to age-and puberty-related changes in fat distribution. 19,[44][45][46] In our study, we found significant differences in BMI between genders and ethnic groups, underlying important differences in total adiposity. As abdominal adiposity is highly influenced by total adiposity also in children, 45 we corrected VAT for SAT and BMI in order to minimize this effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…[6][7][8][9][10] Since 1992, visceral adiposity has been evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in children and it has been related to glucose metabolism, lipids abnormalities and hypertension. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, direct measurements of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) cannot be proposed for field studies due to their cost and technical difficulties. 21 Several anthropometric indexes have been suggested as indexes of VAT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossvalidation of anthropometry against magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children

et al. 2005

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Background: The study of the relationship between anthropometry and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is of great interest because VAT is associated with many risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and anthropometry is easy to perform in clinical practice. The studies hitherto available for children have, however, been performed on small sample sizes. Design: Pooling of the data of studies published from 1992 to 2004 as indexed on Medline. Aims: To assess the relationship between anthropometry and VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children and to analyze the effect of age, gender, pubertal status and ethnicity. Subjects and methods: Eligible subjects were 7-16 year-old, with availability of VAT and SAT, gender, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). A total of 497 subjects were collected from seven different investigators and 407 of them (178 Caucasians and 229 Hispanics) were analyzed. Results: Despite ethnic differences in MRI data, BMI, WC and age, no difference in VAT was found between Caucasians and Hispanics after correction for SAT and BMI. Univariate regression analysis identified WC as the best single predictor of VAT (64.8% of variance) and BMI of SAT (88.9% of variance). The contribution of ethnicity and gender to the unexplained variance of the VAT-WC relationship was low (p3%) but significant (Pp0.002). The different laboratories explained a low (p4.8%) but significant (Po0.0001) portion of the unexplained variance of the VAT-WC and SAT-BMI relationships. Prediction equations for VAT (VAT (cm 2 ) ¼ 1.1 Â WC (cm)À52.9) and SAT (SAT (cm 2 ) ¼ 23.2 Â BMI (kg/m 2 )À329) were developed on a randomly chosen half of the population and crossvalidated in the remaining half. The pure error of the estimate was 13 cm 2 for VAT and 57 cm 2 for SAT. Conclusions: WC can be considered a good predictor of VAT as well as BMI of SAT. The importance of ethnicity and gender on VAT estimation is not negligible.

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“…Nonetheless, the results of the present study are consistent with previous investigations of adiposity and BP in young children. [28][29][30][31][32][33] The results also provide further evidence that simple anthropometric indices such as the BMI, skinfolds, and WC are important and feasible measures to identify young children who may be at risk of subsequent obesity, hypertension, and CVD. To support the use of simple anthropometric indices in clinical settings, we have previously shown that the BMI and skinfold thickness are highly correlated with DXA measures of %BF, FFM, and FM in this sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

2005

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between overall and central adiposity, a family history of coronary heart disease (FHCHD), and blood pressure (BP) in young children. We were specifically interested in determining whether the relationship between adiposity and BP was modified by a FHCHD. Subjects were 130 (68 males, 62 females) young children (mean age 6.0 years). Indicators of adiposity included the body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, and body composition determined by dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DXA). BP was measured by standard procedures. FHCHD was reported by the parent on a questionnaire. Approximately 19% of the total sample was classified as overweight and almost 50% were classified as prehypertensive (22.4%) or hypertensive (24.8%). In the total sample, 21 of 27 correlations were significant and ranged from 0.03 to 0.52. Correlations for systolic blood pressure appeared to be stronger in female subjects. Most of the correlations for diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significant in both sexes and, in general, ranged between 0.30 and 0.50. Overweight status was significantly associated with high BP (crude odds ratio ¼ 3.65, 95% confidence intervals 1.40-9.49). There were no significant associations between a positive FHCHD and BP, and the correlations between BMI, WC, and BP were similar in magnitude in subjects with and without a FHCHD. In conclusion, both overall and central adiposity are important determinants of resting BP in young children. A FHCHD was not associated with BP and nor were the associations between adiposity and BP modified by a FHCHD.

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Trunk Fat and Blood Pressure in Children Through Puberty

Cited by 70 publications

References 31 publications

Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

Crossvalidation of anthropometry against magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

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