Abstract:We for the first time report the truncated diffraction with a triangular aperture of the SU(2) geometric modes and propose a method to detect the complicated orbital angular momentum (OAM) of an SU(2) wave-packet, to the best of our knowledge. As a special vortex beam, a nonplanar SU(2) mode carrying special intensity and OAM distributions brings exotic patterns in truncated diffraction lattice. A meshy structure is unveiled therein by adjusting the illuminated aperture in vicinity of the partial OAM regions, … Show more
“…The vortex circular GM has many unique properties, such as an exotic 3D structure, multiple singularities, and fractional OAM 92,93 . Note that there are other types of SU(2) modes related to OAM with special properties, such as Lissajous modes 94 , trochoidal modes 95 , polygonal VBs 96 , and SU(2) diffraction lattices 97 as shown in Fig. 6d, e.Fig.…”
Section: Properties Of Ovsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…d , e Reprinted with permission from ref. 97 , OSA Publishing. f , g Reprinted with permission from ref.…”
Section: Properties Of Ovsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… a Evolution of the (I) intensity and (II) phase distributions of HLG modes as interposed states between HG and LG modes; b various (I) intensity and (II) phase distributions of IG and HLG modes 82 ; c intensity distributions of a selection of (I) odd and (II) helical Mathieu beams 88 . (I) Intensity and (II) phase distributions of SU(2) vortex geometric modes for Ω = 1/4 ( d ) and Ω = 1/3 97 ( e ). SHEN spheres with orders of ( n , m ) = (3, 1) ( f ) and ( n , m ) = (0, 6) ( g ) along with represented mode (phase) fields at selected points 83 .…”
Section: Properties Of Ovsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Fresnel diffraction of VBs was also studied 123 . Some special VBs, such as vector VBs 124 and SU(2) VBs 97 , can even bring about special lattice structures in diffraction patterns. These special diffraction patterns can be used in vortex detection and measurement methods.…”
Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been widely studied, inspired by the hydrodynamics sharing similar mathematics. Akin to a fluid vortex with a central flow singularity, an optical vortex beam has a phase singularity with a certain topological charge, giving rise to a hollow intensity distribution. Such a beam with helical phase fronts and orbital angular momentum reveals a subtle connection between macroscopic physical optics and microscopic quantum optics. These amazing properties provide a new understanding of a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, including twisting photons, spin–orbital interactions, Bose–Einstein condensates, etc., while the associated technologies for manipulating optical vortices have become increasingly tunable and flexible. Hitherto, owing to these salient properties and optical manipulation technologies, tunable vortex beams have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, high-order quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics. This article reviews the recent progress in tunable vortex technologies along with their advanced applications.
“…The vortex circular GM has many unique properties, such as an exotic 3D structure, multiple singularities, and fractional OAM 92,93 . Note that there are other types of SU(2) modes related to OAM with special properties, such as Lissajous modes 94 , trochoidal modes 95 , polygonal VBs 96 , and SU(2) diffraction lattices 97 as shown in Fig. 6d, e.Fig.…”
Section: Properties Of Ovsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…d , e Reprinted with permission from ref. 97 , OSA Publishing. f , g Reprinted with permission from ref.…”
Section: Properties Of Ovsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… a Evolution of the (I) intensity and (II) phase distributions of HLG modes as interposed states between HG and LG modes; b various (I) intensity and (II) phase distributions of IG and HLG modes 82 ; c intensity distributions of a selection of (I) odd and (II) helical Mathieu beams 88 . (I) Intensity and (II) phase distributions of SU(2) vortex geometric modes for Ω = 1/4 ( d ) and Ω = 1/3 97 ( e ). SHEN spheres with orders of ( n , m ) = (3, 1) ( f ) and ( n , m ) = (0, 6) ( g ) along with represented mode (phase) fields at selected points 83 .…”
Section: Properties Of Ovsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Fresnel diffraction of VBs was also studied 123 . Some special VBs, such as vector VBs 124 and SU(2) VBs 97 , can even bring about special lattice structures in diffraction patterns. These special diffraction patterns can be used in vortex detection and measurement methods.…”
Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been widely studied, inspired by the hydrodynamics sharing similar mathematics. Akin to a fluid vortex with a central flow singularity, an optical vortex beam has a phase singularity with a certain topological charge, giving rise to a hollow intensity distribution. Such a beam with helical phase fronts and orbital angular momentum reveals a subtle connection between macroscopic physical optics and microscopic quantum optics. These amazing properties provide a new understanding of a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, including twisting photons, spin–orbital interactions, Bose–Einstein condensates, etc., while the associated technologies for manipulating optical vortices have become increasingly tunable and flexible. Hitherto, owing to these salient properties and optical manipulation technologies, tunable vortex beams have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, high-order quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics. This article reviews the recent progress in tunable vortex technologies along with their advanced applications.
“…The coherent state phase φ is related to the topology of the periodic trajectory of the oscillating geometric modes in a degenerate laser cavity, and can be controlled by selective pumping [22,29]. The angle θ is related to the OAM controlled by an astigmatic mode converter [30][31][32]. These insights lend themselves to immediate experimental implementation: we can controllably generate the modes around a circle across the poles on the SU(2) PS, as the blue (φ = 0 or 2π ) and red routes (φ = π/2 or 3π/2) show in Fig.…”
Structured light, as a general term for arbitrary states of amplitude, phase, and polarization in optical fields, is highly topical because of a myriad of applications it has fostered. A geometric description to graphically group classes of structured light has obvious benefits, with some notable advances in analogous Poincaré sphere (PS) mapping for both spin and orbital angular momentum (OAM), as well as ray-optical PS approaches for propagation-invariant fields, but all limited in dimensionality they can describe. Here we propose a generalized SU(2) PS for arbitrary dimensional structured light. The states on it represent extended families of beams with multidimensional ray-wave structures, accurately described by SU(2) symmetry groups. We outline how to construct this mapping theoretically, revealing insights into mode transformations involving OAM and geometric phase, and fully verify its efficacy experimentally. The generality of our approach is evident by the reduction to prior PS representations as special cases. We also demonstrate an extension of our approach to explain a more general high-dimensional vector beam. This construction naturally accounts for the salient topology of the classical PSs while bringing to more new degrees of freedom and dimensions for tailoring a larger variety of quantum-to-classical structured beams for a variety of applications.
Structured light is derived from the ability to tailor light, usually referring to the spatial control of its amplitude, phase, and polarization. Although a venerable topic that dates back to the very first laser designs, structuring light at the source has seen an explosion in activity over the past decade, fuelled by a modern toolkit that exploits the versatility of diffractive structures, liquid crystals, metasurfaces/metamaterials, and exotic laser geometries, as well as a myriad of applications that range from imaging, microscopy, and laser material processing to optical communication. Here, the recent progress in creating and controlling structured light is reviewed, with particular emphasis on structuring light at the source: structured light lasers. The various design approaches, including pump shaping, cavity geometries, and the use of custom intracavity optical elements, implemented in a variety of lasers from microchip solutions to high‐power fibers are covered in a tutorial style. The history and latest developments in the field are reviewed, elucidating the various structured light patterns that have been created from lasers, including orbital angular momentum and vector states of light. Finally, the present challenges and limitations are highlighted, along with comments on likely future trends.
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