Truncated Glycolytic System in Veillonella

Abstract

Intact Veillonella cells do not utilize carbohydrates for growth, nor are carbohydrates fermented. In cell extracts, there is no detectable glucokinase or fructokinase. Cell extracts do not degrade glucose or fructose unless supplemented with yeast hexokinase. Under these conditions, triose phosphates are formed in the presence of a hydrazine trap. When glucose-C'4 plus added hexokinase or fructose-1,6-diphosphate-C'4 was incubated with cell extracts, the production of C02, acetate, pyruvate, propionate, and lactate was detected. It is concluded that, except for a hexokinase, all the activities required for a glycolytic system are present.

Acidaminococcus gen. n., Acidaminococcus fermentans sp. n., Anaerobic Gram-negative Diplococci Using Amino Acids as the Sole Energy Source for Growth

“…Glucose utilization and stimulatory effect. Since inability to metabolize glucose is a distinguishing characteristic of unequivocally recognizable Veillonella species (17,18,22), the present strains were tested for glucose utilization using the glucose-oxidase technique. The strains were tested after 48 hr at 36 C in medium AHCG containing 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0% glucose autoclaved in the medium.…”

“…Nine strains did not utilize glucose at any concentration; the analytic recovery of initial glucose ranged from 97 to 104%. The remaining six strains consumed glucose to various extents; in four cases, all of an initial 0.25% glucose disappeared, 22 to 100% (mean = 52%) of an initial concentration of 0.5% and 6 to 43% (mean = 15%) of an initial 1%; the remaining two strains consumed 62 and 40% of the initial 0.25% glucose, but, paradoxically, at 0.5% concentrations of glucose or greater, glucose was attacked feebly, if at all. In medium AHCG, with 0.5% glucose (Table 1), the pH of autoclaved uninoculated medium was 7.50.…”

The GenusVeillonellaIV. Serological Groupings, and Genus and Species Emendations

“…There is good growth in standard media (see Rogosa, 1964 (Rogosa and Bishop, 1964a) unless supplemented with pyruvate, which supp)orts growth best, or with lactate; growth also occurs with malate, fumarate, and oxaloacetate; there is no growth with added succinate, carbohydrates, or polyols; riboflavine and folic acid are not required; niacin and calcium pantothenate are often stimulatory but dispensable; biotin and p-aminobenzoic acid are frequently stimulatory and sometimes indispensable; pyridoxal and thiamine are indispensable for continued good growth; some organisms require putrescine or cadaverine (Rogosa and Bishop, 1964a). There is no growth with phosphorylated hexoses or trioses (Rogosa, Krichevsky, and Bishop, 1965). CO2 is indispensable or highly stimulatory for growth; growth occurs in relatively high concentrations of detergents, is often inhibited by 1% NaCl, and is absent in 4% NaCl, phenethyl alcohol, or potassium tellurite; growth is variable, delayed, or inhibited by bile, crystal violet, and brilliant green; 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride is not reduced (Rogosa, 1964), but a variety of inorganic compounds (Woolfolk and Whiteley, 1962) and generally used dyes and indic,ators are reduced (Rogosa, 1964).…”

“…Gelatin is not liquefied; nonhemolytic; indole is not produced; nitrate is reduced; carbohydrates and polyols are not fermented (Rogosa, 1964). Glueokinase and fructokinase are not present (Rogosa et al, 1965). From lactate, growing cultures produce acetate, propionate, C02, and H2 (Foubert and Douglas, 1948;Johns, 1951a;Rogosa, 1964).…”

Metabolism of Carbohydrates by Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis

“…Phosphofructokinase was determined by estimation of triose phosphate (28); pyruvate dehydrogenase, phosphate acetyltransferase, and acetate kinase were measured by minor modifications of the procedures outlined by Colowick and Kaplan (7). Methods for determination of enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff path and for qualitative assay of phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglyceromutase, and phosphopyruvate hydratase are given in Results.…”