Truffle abundance and mycophagy by northern flying squirrels in eastern Washington forests

Lehmkuhl, John F.; Gould, Laura E.; Cázares, Efrén; Hosford, D.R

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.006

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The spores of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi, particularly of the genus Glomus, are recorded in the excrements of ground-dwelling birds, soil-and litter-inhabiting invertebrates, and various mammals [12,[41][42][43]. A relatively high frequency of the spores of Glomus was detected in small mammal pellets during our studies.…”

Section: Fungal Taxasupporting

confidence: 50%

Small mammal mycophagy in hemiboreal forest communities of Lithuania

Kataržytė

Kutorga²

2011

Open Life Sciences

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The diets of small mammals in different hemiboreal spruce-dominated, oak-dominated and mixed forests in western part of Lithuania were studied by examination of fungal spores in fresh fecal pellets of caught animals. In the diets of mice (Apodemus spp.), bank voles (Myodes glareolus), and common and pygmy shrews (Sorex araneus and S. minutus), 22 different fungal taxa were identified, 15 of which were hypogeous fungi. The sporocarp abundance and the spores in fecal samples of Elaphomyces fungi prevailed in study area during this investigation. Although most of the captured individuals consumed fungi, the consumption varied among small mammal species. The data show that the fungi were more frequent and taxonomically diverse in Myodes glareolus than in Apodemus spp. diets. The study provided evidence that the fungal component in the diets of insectivorous Sorex species is more diverse than previously known. The availability of sporocarps and the fungal component in the diets of small mammals showed seasonal effects. Annual hypogeous and epigeous sporocarp abundances did not vary significantly across forest types. The significant difference in mycophagy was observed across all forest cover types, with the greatest fungal diversity in fecal samples collected in mixed coniferous-deciduous tree stands.

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Section: Fungal Taxasupporting

confidence: 50%

Small mammal mycophagy in hemiboreal forest communities of Lithuania

Kataržytė

Kutorga²

2011

Open Life Sciences

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“…It should be noted that this region has experienced numerous localised shifts of habitat boundaries in response to fire, and the rainforest habitat was not included. In North America, Lehmkuhl et al (2004) also found a higher diversity of sequestrate taxa in mixed conifer and mesic forests than in open and dry ponderosa pine forests.…”

Section: Plant Associatesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis

Sheedy

Ryberg

Lebel

et al. 2016

Aust. Systematic Bot.

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Abstract. Australia supports a high diversity of sequestrate (truffle-like) macrofungi. This has long been thought to be related to the predominantly or seasonally dry climate. The present study posits that if aridity were a key factor in the evolution of sequestrate fruit-bodies, most sequestrate species would have emerged in Australia only after it began to aridify, which occurred post-separation with Antarctica (c. 32 million years ago). Focusing on the high phylogenetic diversity of sequestrate taxa in the Agaricomycetes in Australia, dates of sequestrate nodes were compiled directly from published phylogenies (four lineages) or created using sequences available on GenBank that were processed in BEAST using a secondary calibration method (nine lineages). Although the morphologically diverse Hysterangiales was found to be the first group to become sequestrate, c. 83 million years ago, overall sequestration in Australia occurred more recently. Models were created and compared and support was found for an increased rate of sequestration in Australia at some point between 34 and 13 million years ago (during the Oligocene and Miocene). Although the rate of sequestration is shown to have increased in Australia after separation from Antarctica, the timing also overlaps with the radiation of potential mycorrhizal plant associates, and the emergence of specialised mycophagous marsupials. Although aridification is evidently not the sole driver of sequestration, it is still likely to have had a major influence on the diversity of sequestrate fungi in Australia. Comparisons with other regions of high sequestrate diversity will be informative.

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“…This suggests that the wild boar may occasionally eat truffles and that the main damages in natural and cultivated truffières are mainly due to soil disturbance caused by excavation with the snout (Moreno-Arroyo et al 2005;Salerni et al 2011;Ricci 2008). On the opposite, other small mammals, like the northern flying squirrels or some marsupials, just eat truffles or simply prefer to eat truffles, whose spores accumulate in faecal pellets (Lehmkuhl et al 2004;. According to the Claridge and Trappe (2005) classification of mycophagous animals in obligate, preferential, casual, opportunistic or accidental mycophagists, the wild board can be considered an opportunistic mycophagist, ingesting truffles only occasionally, as a seasonal source of food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of wild boars in spore dispersal of hypogeous fungi

Piattoni¹,

Oir²,

Morara³

et al. 2013

Acta Mycol

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Piattoni F., Ori F., Morara M., Iotti M., Zambonelli A.: The role of wild boars in spore dispersal of hypogeous fungi. Acta Mycol. 47 (2): 145-153, 2012.Wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) are well-known for soil disturbance in natural and cultivated truffières but their role in spore dispersal is poorly investigated. In the present work we studied the occurrence of hypogeous fungal spores in faecal contents of 14 wild boars randomly hunted in "Parco dei Gessi e Calanchi dell'Abbadessa" Regional Park (North of Italy) where truffle production has been previously investigated for three years.Six methods for spore analysis in faeces were compared and the suspension of faeces in ZnSO 4 (70%) solution resulted to be the most reliable. Hypogeous fungal spores, including Tuber magnatum and Tuber aestivum spores, were detected in 9 animals. This result suggests that the detection of fungal spores in faeces of wild boars may provide information on the presence of hypogeous fungi in an area. However, the poor abundance of spores suggests that the wild boar can be considered an opportunistic mycophagist, ingesting truffles only occasionally, as a seasonal source of food. Considering the magnitude of wild boar movements during seasonal migrations, it is possible to speculate that they play a key role in truffle long distance dispersal.

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Truffle abundance and mycophagy by northern flying squirrels in eastern Washington forests

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Small mammal mycophagy in hemiboreal forest communities of Lithuania

Small mammal mycophagy in hemiboreal forest communities of Lithuania

Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis

The role of wild boars in spore dispersal of hypogeous fungi

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