Trueperella pyogenes infections in swine: clinical course and pathology

Abstract

Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing purulent infections in pigs and other animal species. T. pyogenes infections in pigs are local and/or generalized depending on the immune status of the animals, their individual susceptibility and environmental factors. The occurrence of these infections on pig farms causes substantial economic losses in breeding and rearing. In sows from the breeding herd, the disease leads to infertility, embryonic death, abortion, and disorders of the menstrual cycle and lactation. Mastitis is the major cause of losses in piglets. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including inflammatory polyarthritis, fractures and degenerative joint disease results in the culling of animals with high breeding value. In other technological groups, multi-organ inflammations and movement disorders dominate, leading to a reduction of the slaughter value and elimination of pigs from breeding. Understanding of the clinical and pathological aspects of T. pyogenes infections in pigs will enable the development of effective methods of combating this disease on pig farms.

Pathogenicity and Virulence of Trueperella pyogenes: A Review

“…In swine, T. pyogenes is a common agent of pneumonia, pleuritis, endocarditis, osteoarthritis, polyarthritis, mastitis, reproductive tract infections, and septicaemia [13,29,35,44,98,99,100,101,102]. Abscesses—superficial, muscular, or located in different organs—occur frequently, and may lead to the development of systemic purulent infection and inflammation of lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, bones, joints, or other tissues [13,46,103]. In many cases, these are infection mixed with different microorganisms, as is observed in T. pyogenes infections in cattle.…”

“…In many cases, these are infection mixed with different microorganisms, as is observed in T. pyogenes infections in cattle. Diseases of swine associated with T. pyogenes are an emerging clinical, epidemiological, and economic problem, because they usually result in the necessity for the elimination of infected animals from a herd, and the discard of carcasses with suppurative lesions at slaughterhouses [103]. It has been reported that a number of factors can predispose to the development of these disorders, among other viral infections, that cause immunosuppression, for example with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) [104].…”

“…In the case of mucous membranes damage, such as in metritis, the bacteria can invade deeper tissues after endometrial epithelium, disruption during parturition. Another described route of infection is associated with improperly performed surgical procedures, such as castration or intramuscular injection [103]. Bacteria can also invade tissues through micro-injuries of the skin caused by some arthropoda, like flies or ticks, as it has been mentioned above.…”

Studies on Trueperella Pyogenes Isolated from an Okapi (Okapia johnstoni) and A Royal Python (Python Regius)

“…In cattle, T. pyogenes appears to be responsible for infections of the reproductive tract (5) and the mammary gland (6), as well as cases of pneumonia and liver abscessation of bovines and small ruminants (7). In swine, T. pyogenes is well known as a causative agent of different types of in ammation in various organs including the lung, heart, joints, mammary glands, and in the reproductive tract (8,9). Furthermore, T. pyogenes could be found in companion animals (4).…”

Studies on Trueperella pyogenes isolated from an okapi (Okapia johnstoni) and a royal python (Python regius)

“…In cattle, T. pyogenes appears to be responsible for infections of the reproductive tract [ 5 ] and the mammary gland [ 6 ], as well as cases of pneumonia and liver abscessation of large and small ruminants [ 7 ]. In swine, T. pyogenes is well known as a causative agent of different types of inflammation in various organs including the lung, heart, joints, mammary glands, and in the reproductive tract [ 8 , 9 ]. Furthermore, T. pyogenes could be found in companion animals [ 4 ].…”