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Abstract

The 52-kDa activator protein (AP)-2 is a DNA-binding transcription factor which has been reported to have growth inhibitory effects in cancer cell lines and in human tumours. In this study the expression of AP-2α was analysed in 303 epithelial ovarian carcinomas by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a polyclonal AP-2α antibody and its mRNA status was determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The immunohistochemical expression of AP-2α was correlated with clinicopathological variables, p21/WAF1 protein expression and survival. In normal ovaries, epithelial cells expressed AP-2α protein only in the cytoplasm. In carcinomas nuclear AP-2α expression was observed in 28% of the cases although cytoplasmic expression was more common (51%). The expression of AP-2α varied according to the histological subtype and differentiation. AP-2α and p21/WAF1 expressions did not correlate with each other. Both in univariate (P = 0.002) and multivariate analyses (relative risks (RR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.18, P = 0.007) the high cytoplasmic AP-2α expression favoured the overall survival. In contrast, the nuclear AP-2α expression combined with low cytoplasmic expression increased the risk of dying of ovarian cancer (RR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.13–3.83, P = 0.018). The shift in the expression pattern of AP-2α (nuclear vs cytoplasmic) in carcinomas points out to the possibility that this transcription factor may be used by oncogenes in certain histological subtypes. Based on the mRNA analyses, the incomplete expression and translation of AP-2α in ovarian cancer may be due to post-transcriptional regulation. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

Transcription factors and molecular epigenetic marks underlying EpCAM overexpression in ovarian cancer

“…The transcription factors screened for in vivo association with the epcam promoter were selected based on evidence for a biological role in epcam regulation (Gires et al , 2001; Tai et al , 2007; Yamashita et al , 2007; Sankpal et al , 2009) and their potential role in ovarian cancer (Anttila et al , 2000; Reimer et al , 2007; Min and Wei-hong, 2009; Oettgen, 2010). …”

Poor Prognosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Decreased Expression of AHRR

“…However, in the current study, we observed exclusively a cytoplasmic expression pattern of AHRR proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues. As was reported by previous researches, some other transcription factors have been described to be both cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in many kinds of human malignancies [25]–[27]. For the reason of these differences, Wang W et al supposed that immunohistochemistry may only evaluate the end products of gene expression [27].…”

Decreased Expression of the GATA3 Gene Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Primary Gastric Adenocarcinoma

“…Previous studies have reported that other transcription factors exhibit both cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in many human malignancies [31], [44]. To explain this difference in localization, Wang et al suggested that immunohistochemistry might only evaluate the end products of gene expression [31].…”