“…It is also the case that while the leadership scales that researchers have previously developed tend to reflect important theoretical distinctions and aim to assess perceptions of different behaviours, these scales nevertheless tend to be highly intercorrelated (with r s mostly in the range of .50–.90; Brown, Treviño, & Harrison, ; Kalshoven, Den Hartog, & De Hoogh, ; Liden et al ., ; Riggio, Zhu, Reina, & Maroosis, ; van Dierendonck & Nuijten, ; Yukl, Mahsud, Hassan, & Prussia, ; for reviews, see Banks, McCauley, Gardner, & Guler, ; Hoch, Bommer, Dulebohn, & Wu, ). Researchers have suggested, for instance, that perceptions of transformational leadership reflect perceptions of effective leadership (van Knippenberg & Sitkin, ; Zhu & Mu, ), and there is evidence that perceptions of authentic leadership are determined to some degree by (experimentally manipulated) identity advancement (Steffens et al ., ). Similarly, the core components of a good working relationship between leader and follower (as characterized by mutual respect, trust, and obligation within LMX) may be important ingredients in effective leadership but also to some extent outcomes of other forms of effective leadership.…”