2021
DOI: 10.1109/tvlsi.2020.3018998
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True Random Number Generation Using Latency Variations of FRAM

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Cited by 21 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…TRNGs can be designed based on memory devices such as SRAMs [15][16][17], DRAMs [18], Flash RAMs [19], Ferro RAMs [20], STT MRAM [21,22], resistive RAMs and Memristors [23,24]. The opportunity is to leverage the potentially large and stochastic cellto-cell variations, considering that memory arrays contain extremely high numbers of addressable cells that can behave independently.…”
Section: Memory-based Trngsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…TRNGs can be designed based on memory devices such as SRAMs [15][16][17], DRAMs [18], Flash RAMs [19], Ferro RAMs [20], STT MRAM [21,22], resistive RAMs and Memristors [23,24]. The opportunity is to leverage the potentially large and stochastic cellto-cell variations, considering that memory arrays contain extremely high numbers of addressable cells that can behave independently.…”
Section: Memory-based Trngsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To generate N random bits, l addresses of cells in the ReRAM array are needed, with l > N. Assuming that f bits are needed for each address, a stream of f x l bits is needed for the median scheme. For example, if the size of the array is 1,048,576 = 2 20 , then f = 20. A stream longer than N is needed for the protocol to handle the defective cells.…”
Section: Version 1: Design Of Trngs With the Median Schemementioning
confidence: 99%
“…To filter out those temporally persistent cells using the proposed algorithm (described in Sect. III-C), we only chose those cells (set F C ) that are above the lower threshold range T h L = [15,23] (see Table I) for different chips used in the experiment. Although the number of eligible cells decreases after performing our proposed cell selection algorithm, the filtered cells are enough to generate high-quality random numbers.…”
Section: B Characterization Of Temporally Unbiased Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There have been several high-quality and robust memorybased TRNGs, but most of them suffer from high-overhead and low-throughput [1], [3], [8], [20]- [22]. Therefore, several emerging memory-based TRNGs, capable of providing high density and throughput, have been proposed to overcome existing challenges [8], [12], [15], [22], [23]. Furthermore, MRAM-based TRNGs have gained attention because of their capability of generating significantly high quality and robust random numbers [12], [21], [24], [25].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mulaosmanovic et al [28], [29] exploit the polarisation fluctuations due to domain wall motion, which is a Poisson process [30], in an HfO 2 based field-effect transistor. Other such TRNGs have recently been developed using ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) technology [31]- [33]. However, none of these works exploit the randomness due to thermal fluctuations in the bistable well of a ferroelectric.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%