True ileal digestibility of amino acids in meat and bone meal for the growing pig—application of a routine rat digestibility assay

Donkoh, A.; Moughan, Paul J.; Smith, W. C.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(94)90082-5

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(2002) also found a high variability in the fat content of MBM samples (CV = 26.6%) with values ranging from 2.5% to 18.5% DM. The average crude protein content of MBM samples in the present study (46.3% DM in RP1 and 53.1% DM in RP2, ns) agrees with the standard values (from 43.7% to 56.6% DM) given by FEDNA (2003), and those reported by Johnson and Coon (1979) (from 44.3% to 55.1%) and Donkoh et al. (1994) (from 47.8% to 59.3%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This effect was clearer in RP1 than in RP2 (Table 4) probably due to the more severe pressure and maximum temperature conditions and the lesser degree of effectiveness of fat extraction in RP1 (Table 1). Published data by Donkoh et al. (1994) also indicate that lower CP digestibilities were found for those samples from MBM manufacturing processes that involve more severe heat treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effect of rendering on protein and fat quality of animal by-products

Calvo

Castríllo

Baucells

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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This work studies the effect of rendering on quality of meat and bone meals (MBM) processed in two Spanish rendering plants according to the standard procedure recommended by 96/499/EC Directive for MBM category III. Twelve samples of raw animal by-products and their corresponding meals were analysed for chemical composition, amino acids (AA) content, FDNB-reactive lysine content, pepsin digestibility, protein dispersibility index (PDI) and fatty acids (FA) content. There was a high variation in MBM composition between and within plants, mainly in the ash and fat content. Rendering caused a decrease in the total (p < 0.05) and the essential (p < 0.01) AA content (in crude protein basis) in both plants, because of a decrease in lysine (p < 0.001), methionine (p < 0.05), threonine (p < 0.01), leucine (p < 0.01), valine (p < 0.01) and phenylalanine (p < 0.01). Besides, there was a reduction in the cystine (p < 0.001), serine (p < 0.01) and aspartic acid (p < 0.01) content. The FDNB-reactive lysine to total lysine ratio and pepsin digestibility only decreased (p < 0.001) in the plant with more severe treatment conditions, whereas the PDI increased (p < 0.05) by the process in both plants. The saturated to unsaturated FA ratio increase on average from 0.73 to 0.88 after rendering, because of the decrease in both linoleic and linolenic acids content and the increase in palmitic and stearic acids content. The results indicate that rendering has negative effects on protein and fat quality of MBM. Variability between and within plants is attributed to differences in raw material, processing conditions and fat removing efficiency. Therefore, a continuous monitoring is recommended to assure the quality of each batch before use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effect of rendering on protein and fat quality of animal by-products

Calvo

Castríllo

Baucells

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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“…There is a small number of published studies that have determined the optimum time for digesta sampling for the determination of ileal nitrogen and amino acid digestibility in the growing rat. Studies with rats fed diets containing meat and bone meal as the sole nitrogen source found 3 and 4 h after the start of feeding to be optimal,10, 11 while for rats fed diets containing blood meal as the sole nitrogen source, the optimum time for collecting ileal digesta was 3 h after the start of feeding 21. For rats fed ground barley‐based diets, 4 h after the start of feeding was the optimal sampling time 22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A routine ileal amino acid digestibility assay has recently been developed based on the sampling of digesta from the euthanased laboratory rat 10. 11 The growing laboratory rat can be housed and reared relatively inexpensively, consumes only small amounts of food and lends itself to ease of collection of a sample of ileal digesta using the slaughter method. Also, the laboratory rat has been shown to be a suitable model for the pig for the determination of protein and amino acid digestibility at the terminal ileum 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of digesta sampling time and dietary protein source on ileal nitrogen digestibility for the growing rat

Butts¹,

James²,

Koolaard³

et al. 2002

J Sci Food Agric

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The effect of time that digesta were collected on the quantity and representativeness of ileal digesta and on the determination of apparent and true ileal nitrogen (N) digestibility for growing rats was investigated. Semi‐synthetic diets containing chromic oxide as an indigestible marker were given to 200 g live weight rats for 8 days as a single daily meal. The experimental treatments comprised six diets (lactalbumin, soy protein isolate, wheat gluten, fish, protein‐free (PF), enzymically hydrolysed casein (EHC)) and four ileal digesta sampling times (3, 4, 5 and 6 h after the start of feeding). On the eighth day the rats were fed and slaughtered according to treatment, and digesta were sampled from the terminal ileum. Endogenous ileal nitrogen excretion was determined using both the protein‐free and peptide alimentation methods. There was a significant (P = 0.027) effect of experimental diet averaged across sampling times for chromium recovery (CrRec). The CrRec was higher for the rats fed the PF diet than for the other diets. Responses to sampling time varied significantly (P < 0.05) among diets for ileal digesta weight (IDW), nitrogen/chromium (N/Cr) ratio, ileal digesta weight relative to dry matter intake (IDW/DMI), CrRec, N flow, apparent N digestibility and true N digestibility (determined using the protein‐free method). The optimal digesta sampling times for each of the diets were 3 h for PF, EHC, lactalbumin and fish and 4 h for soy protein isolate and wheat gluten. Consequently, 3 or 4 h after the start of feeding is recommended as the optimum ileal digesta sampling time for most purified protein sources when fed to the growing rat as a single daily meal. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Urea hydrolysis (U hyd ) 0.16·W 0.79 Assimon and Stein (1994); Barboza et al (1997); Chikunya et al (1996); Chilcott et al (1985); Cocimano and Leng (1967) Fractionation factor during the deamination of a protein into amino acids e (see Table 2 for the values) 15 a TA Fractionation factor during the transamination of a protein into amino acids e (see Table 2 for the values) 15 a OS Fractionation factor associated to the change of the oxidation state of N between a reactant and the product e (see Table 2 for the values) a Body mass (W) is in kg b These allometric relations are calculated for a zero N balance using Il deg =0.04·W 0.91 (Donkoh et al 1994;Mariscal-Landin et al 1995;Montagne et al 2000;Morens 2002;Rowan et al 1993;Tome´and Bos 2000); P exc =0.38(U exc +A exc ) (Canh et al 1997;Sponheimer et al 2003;Tome´and Bos 2000); A exc =0.1·U exc (Canh et al 1997;Petersen et al 1998) c Deduced from the fact that the protein content of an animal is roughly equal to 15% of its body weight and that proteins are composed of 15% of N d Deduced from the stoechiometry of N for the urea synthesis reaction e The conversion in the a form is given by the relationship: 10 3 ln(a)=D…”

Section: The Mathematical Formalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Box-modeling of 15N/14N in mammals

et al. 2005

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The 15N/14N signature of animal proteins is now commonly used to understand their physiology and quantify the flows of nutrient in trophic webs. These studies assume that animals are predictably 15N-enriched relative to their food, but the isotopic mechanism which accounts for this enrichment remains unknown. We developed a box model of the nitrogen isotope cycle in mammals in order to predict the 15N/14N ratios of body reservoirs as a function of time, N intake and body mass. Results of modeling show that a combination of kinetic isotope fractionation during the N transfer between amines and equilibrium fractionation related to the reversible conversion of N-amine into ammonia is required to account for the well-established approximately 4 per thousand 15N-enrichment of body proteins relative to the diet. This isotopic enrichment observed in proteins is due to the partial recycling of 15N-enriched urea and the urinary excretion of a fraction of the strongly 15N-depleted ammonia reservoir. For a given body mass and diet delta15N, the isotopic compositions are mainly controlled by the N intake. Increase of the urea turnover combined with a decrease of the N intake lead to calculate a delta15N increase of the proteins, in agreement with the observed increase of collagen delta15N of herbivorous animals with aridity. We further show that the low delta15N collagen values of cave bears cannot be attributed to the dormancy periods as it is commonly thought, but inversely to the hyperphagia behavior. This model highlights the need for experimental investigations performed with large mammals in order to improve our understanding of natural variations of delta15N collagen.

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True ileal digestibility of amino acids in meat and bone meal for the growing pig—application of a routine rat digestibility assay

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effect of rendering on protein and fat quality of animal by-products

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effect of rendering on protein and fat quality of animal by-products

The effect of digesta sampling time and dietary protein source on ileal nitrogen digestibility for the growing rat

Box-modeling of 15N/14N in mammals

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