True density of combustion emitted particles: A comparison of results highlighting the influence of the organic contents

Ouf, F. X.; Bourrous, Soleiman; Fauvel, S.; Kort, Amel; Lintis, Laura; Nuvoli, Jonathan; Yon, Jérôme

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.04.007

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…by assuming a deposit porosity 𝜀 of 95 % (the porosity represents the ratio between the volume of void in the deposit and the total volume of the deposit) and a density of 1650 kg/m 3 (Ouf et al, 2019). According to equation 2 and for a mass deposit of 𝑚 𝑠 = 230 mg/m 2 , a thickness of 2.8 µm is computed, demonstrating the beginning of bridge formation under this condition.…”

Section: Calibration Of the Resistive Soot Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of soot deposit on a resistive sensor: Proposal of an experimental calibration protocol

Kort

Ouf

Gélain

et al. 2021

Journal of Aerosol Science

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During a fire in an industrial facility, the main consequences concerning aerosol are the production of large amount of soot and potential resuspension of hazardous material in particulate form. Soot deposition quantification on walls in a room during a fire is essential for the prediction of aerosol quantities that can be transported in the ventilation ducts and clog high efficiency particulate air filters. For this purpose, accumulative resistive sensors, initially developed for monitoring Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), have been used to quantify soot particles that are deposited on its sensing side. After validation of the fabrication process via electrical measurements, the sensor response has been studied under different polarization voltages and an experimental protocol for soot quantification has been qualified. Thanks to those protocols, it was first demonstrated that the polarization voltage has no influence on the deposition velocity. Then, the resistive sensor was calibrated at polarization voltages of 10 V and 0.1 V. For 0.1 V, results are less repeatable and do not allow to propose a correlation between conductance and deposited mass. Better repeatability was found for a polarization voltage of 10 V allowing to propose and develop a calibration procedure aiming to correlate sensor conductance and deposited mass of aerosol. Indeed, it was proved that the sensor has a blind zone, in terms of conductance, for mass deposit ranging from 0 to 230 mg/m 2 . A linear calibration curve with a good sensitivity of 2.49 µS.mg -1 .m 2 was obtained for deposited mass between 230 and 1630 mg/m 2 .

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Section: Calibration Of the Resistive Soot Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of soot deposit on a resistive sensor: Proposal of an experimental calibration protocol

Kort

Ouf

Gélain

et al. 2021

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…Upper values are in agreement with the literature for soot having a low oxygen content ( Dobbins et al, 1994 ; Newman and Steciak, 1987 ). Lower density values measured for some of our samples can be explained by the presence of an organic carbon phase, which is less dense than the elemental carbon phase, reducing the overall density ( Ouf et al, 2019 ). The diameter of the primary particles d pp ranges from 22.3 nm to 43.3 nm ( Table 2 ), in agreement with values reported for soot emitted by gaseous flames ( Prado et al, 1981 ; Megaridis and Dobbins, 1990 ), and for more complex liquid and solid fuels ( Ouf et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The true density of the primary particles of carbonaceous aggregates was determined using a measurement technique based on the displacement of a liquid induced by the immersion of a known mass of sample. This method, described in the ISO 787-23 standard and based on the Archimedes buoyancy principle (using ethanol as the displacement liquid), has recently been demonstrated to be relevant regardless of the type of soot sample used ( Ouf et al, 2019 ). The diameters of the soot primary particles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and prediction of water uptake by soot deposited on ventilation filters during fire events

Lintis

Ouf

Parent

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Concern-ing the density of the primary particles, ρ soot = 1800 kg.m −3 is the most encountered value related to black carbon and mature soot. The existence of a strong dependence of this parameter to the content of organic carbon has been recently shown [40]. This reference reports a density up to 1834 kg.m −3 for low OC content (below 5 percent) and smaller values for organic particles.…”

Section: Parametric Analysis Of Aggregate Shape Modelingmentioning

confidence: 69%

Analysis of the Soot Particle Size Distribution in a Laminar Premixed Flame: A Hybrid Stochastic/Fixed-Sectional Approach

Bouaniche

Yon

Domingo

2020

Flow Turbulence Combust

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The numerical simulation of the soot particle size distribution in flames is addressed by solving the balance equations for total number density and the probability density function (PDF) of particle sizes, leading to a hybrid stochastic/fixed-sectional method for solving soot population balance equation. Well established models are introduced in these equations for the chemistry of PAH in ethylene combustion, for particle nucleation, growth, agglomeration and oxidation. These closures are combined with a stochastic approach, which drives the evolution of a fixed number of computational particles used to solve for the particle size distribution with a control of agglomeration and numerical roundoff error through a fixed sectional discretisation. A laminar sooting flame is simulated to compare the results against measurements and previous numerical simulations, confirming the validity of the novel approach in terms of accuracy and CPU efficiency. The relation between the mobility diameter, measured in the experiments, and the equivalent sphere diameter, introduced in the modeling, is discussed under this novel numerical framework. The influence of the fractal particle shape on the simulated particle size distribution is explored. Finally, Particle Size Distributions obtained from the hybrid method are compared to the ones obtained with a representative fixed-sectional method.

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True density of combustion emitted particles: A comparison of results highlighting the influence of the organic contents

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Quantification of soot deposit on a resistive sensor: Proposal of an experimental calibration protocol

Quantification of soot deposit on a resistive sensor: Proposal of an experimental calibration protocol

Quantification and prediction of water uptake by soot deposited on ventilation filters during fire events

Analysis of the Soot Particle Size Distribution in a Laminar Premixed Flame: A Hybrid Stochastic/Fixed-Sectional Approach

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