True atomic-scale imaging of a spinel Li4Ti5O12(111) surface in aqueous solution by frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy

Abstract

Articles you may be interested inVisualization of hydration layers on muscovite mica in aqueous solution by frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy J. Chem. Phys. 138, 184704 (2013); 10.1063/1.4803742 (LiFePO4-AC)/Li4Ti5O12 hybrid supercapacitor: The effect of LiFePO4 content on its performance

Direct Atomic-Scale Observation of a Li-Inserted Li4Ti5O12 Surface in an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte by Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy

“…This corresponds well to the arrangement of Li ions on the LTO(111) surface. This result is in good agreement with the results of STM analysis in UHV, AFM analysis in an aqueous solution, and our previously reported AFM analysis in ILs. − …”

“…Since such polycrystalline materials are not suitable for high-resolution AFM analysis, there is a need to fabricate atomically flat single crystals of LTO for this purpose. Recently, an LTO substrate with an atomically flat (111) surface has been prepared, and its atomic-scale imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum and by AFM in an aqueous solution has been reported. − After that, we reported atomic-scale AFM analysis of the interface between LTO and ionic liquid (IL) containing Li salt, which can be used as a LIB electrolyte. , It was also reported that the surface structure of LTO in an organic electrolyte changed on the nanometer scale in response to the insertion of Li ions into LTO . However, it was an ex situ analysis, where the influence of exposure to the atmosphere cannot be entirely avoided.…”

Direct Imaging of Atomic-Scale Surface Structures of Brookite TiO2 Nanoparticles by Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

“…In this study, a laboratory-built apparatus for frequency modulation AFM (FM-AFM) − was used to investigate the atomic-scale surface structures of brookite TiO 2 in water. FM-AFM imaging in liquids has been used for various samples, ranging from inorganic crystals , to biomolecules. , As mentioned above, atomic-scale AFM investigations of rutile and anatase TiO 2 in vacuum have already been reported. However, although AFM images with atomic-scale striped contrasts obtained at the rutile (110) surface in liquid have been reported, the contrasts within each stripe were not clear enough to allow their detailed comparison with an atomic surface model.…”

“…In this study, a laboratory-built apparatus for frequency modulation AFM (FM-AFM) 41−43 was used to investigate the atomic-scale surface structures of brookite TiO 2 in water. FM-AFM imaging in liquids has been used for various samples, ranging from inorganic crystals 44,45 to biomolecules. 46,47 As mentioned above, atomic-scale AFM investigations of rutile and anatase TiO 2 in vacuum have already been reported.…”

Chemical reactions on surfaces for applications in catalysis, gas sensing, adsorption-assisted desalination and Li-ion batteries: opportunities and challenges for surface science

“…Moreover, the electronic structure is significantly influenced by the termination structure. Experimentally, surface structures were studied only for LiCoO 2 (001), 166 LiFePO 4 (010), 167 Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (111), 168 LiTi 2 O 4 (111), 169 and the basal plane of graphite. The investigation of electronic structures is just limited to the cases of LiCoO 2 (001), 166 and LiTi 2 O 4 (111).…”