True and false dependence on technology: Evaluation with an expert system

Will, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/0747-5632(91)90006-m

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, other studies have found that the benefits were not uniform because of malfunctions or failures. For example, Will (1991) showed performance decrement of expert's judgments when experts were given falsified information which was consistent with Riley (1996).…”

Section: Automated Decision Aids and Human Judgment Performance With supporting

confidence: 72%

“…Although the importance of automated decision aids in assisting human operators' judgment and decision-making tasks has been emphasized over decades, there has been relatively research directly investigating how decision-aid quality impacts human performance. Will (1991) investigated false dependence on technology, performing an experiment with reservoir petroleum engineers in which misleading suggestions were provided about the appropriate methodology to address a given problem situation. Falsified reasoning explanations in an expert information system were provided to investigate their impact on the decision confidence and performance depending on the level of expertise.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of cognitive feedback on judgment performance and trust with decision aids

Seong¹,

Bisantz²

2008

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

105

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Section: Automated Decision Aids and Human Judgment Performance With supporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of cognitive feedback on judgment performance and trust with decision aids

Seong¹,

Bisantz²

2008

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

105

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“…There is little evidence that users are generally in awe of computers' decision‐making or advisory abilities; nonetheless, they may have high expectations, as the very name of one class of systems—“expert” systems—suggests. As Winograd and Flores (1986, p. 132) point out, “When we talk of a human ‘expert’ we connote someone whose depth of understanding serves not only to solve specific well‐formulated problems, but also to put them into a larger context.” Words such as “intelligence,” “knowledge,” and “understanding” also carry connotations above and beyond expert systems' capabilities and thus may obscure their inherent limitations (Will, 1991; Winograd & Flores, 1986). Unlike human experts, expert systems are often “brittle” in the sense of being unable either to cope with small deviations from their programmed expertise or to apply broader contextual knowledge and common sense to novel situations.…”

Section: Multidimensional Approaches To Credibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Credibility: A multidisciplinary framework

Rieh

Danielson

2007

Annual Review Info Sci & Tec

275

218

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IntroductionThis chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the concept of credibility and its areas of application relevant to information science and technology, encompassing several disciplinary approaches. An information seeker's environment-the Internet, television, newspapers, schools, libraries, bookstores, and social networks-abounds with information resources that need to be evaluated for both their usefulness and their likely level of accuracy. As people gain access to a wider variety of information resources, they face greater uncertainty regarding who and what can be believed and, indeed, who or what is responsible for the information they encounter. Moreover, they have to develop new skills and strategies for determining how to assess the credibility of an information source. Historically, the credibility of information has been maintained largely by professional knowledge workers such as editors, reviewers, publishers, news reporters, and librarians. Today, quality control mechanisms are evolving in such a way that a vast amount of information accessed through a wide variety of systems and resources is out of date, incomplete, poorly organized, or simply inaccurate (Janes & Rosenfeld, 1996).Credibility has been examined across a number of fields ranging from communication, information science, psychology, marketing, and the management sciences to interdisciplinary efforts in human-computer interaction (HCI). Each field has examined the construct and its practical significance using fundamentally different approaches, goals, and presuppositions, all of which results in conflicting views of credibility and its effects. The notion of credibility has been discussed at least since Aristotle's examination of ethos and his observations of speakers' relative abilities to persuade listeners. Disciplinary approaches to investigating credibility systematically developed only in the last century, beginning within the field of communication.

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“…Anecdotal and empirical evidence also have delineated the nature of the cognitive process through which people assign credibility to computer-based information. Will (1991) suggested that the use of automated systems may subtly induce experts to suspend critical analysis and instead simply accept the information provided by the system. McGuire, Kiesler, and Siegal (1987) found that the use of automated decision aids reduces the extent of group discussion and the amount of information exchanged between group members, suggesting that computer-based information is accepted at face value.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaced Out in Cyberspace? Evaluations of Computer‐Based Information¹

Stephan¹,

Brockner

2007

J Applied Social Pyschol

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This study draws on cognitive elaboration theory to examine when and why people evaluate computer-based information more favorably than information from a less automated source. Half of participants received information from a computer, while half received the identical information from a less automated source. Moreover, participants were induced to be more vs. less involved in the informationacquisition process. As predicted, participants in the low-involvement condition evaluated the information more favorably when it came from a computer than from a less automated source. This difference was eliminated in the high-involvement condition. Further supporting our reasoning, the interaction effect between information source and level of involvement was more pronounced for participants low, rather than high, in need for cognition.Computers are becoming perhaps the most important source of information all over the world. People spend hours each day in front of their computer screens, acquiring information generated by programs or made possible through their connection to the Internet. Given the pervasiveness of people's acquisition of computer-based information, it is both theoretically and practically important to determine whether people's evaluations of computer-based information differ from their evaluations of information acquired from other sources (e.g., people, printed media). A question of central importance, for example, is whether people are predisposed more positively toward (i.e., assign greater credibility to) computer-based information. The more credibility they assign to computer-based information, the more likely such information is to influence their attitudes and behaviors. 1 The authors thank Michael Morris, Batia Wiesenfeld, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

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True and false dependence on technology: Evaluation with an expert system

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

The impact of cognitive feedback on judgment performance and trust with decision aids

The impact of cognitive feedback on judgment performance and trust with decision aids

Credibility: A multidisciplinary framework

Spaced Out in Cyberspace? Evaluations of Computer‐Based Information¹

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True and false dependence on technology: Evaluation with an expert system

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

The impact of cognitive feedback on judgment performance and trust with decision aids

The impact of cognitive feedback on judgment performance and trust with decision aids

Credibility: A multidisciplinary framework

Spaced Out in Cyberspace? Evaluations of Computer‐Based Information1

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Spaced Out in Cyberspace? Evaluations of Computer‐Based Information¹