Truck fleet model for design and assessment of flexible pavements

Modelling the vehicle in vehicle—infrastructure dynamic interaction studies

“…Finally, these vehicle equations can be combined with the equations of the infrastructure model under investigation to analyse vehicle-infrastructure problems, i.e., impact factor due to traffic in roads and bridges [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]32], dynamics in railway bridges [2,3], pavement deterioration due to the passage of heavy vehicles [33][34], performance of vehicle elements such as suspensions or tyres [1,[36][37][38][39], evaluation of ride quality and pavement unevenness [40][41][42], or weigh-in-motion applications [43][44][45] amongst others. In the case of simulating the interaction between a vehicle and a bridge, Lagrange multipliers [17], dynamic condensation [3] or iterative procedures [31] are some of the most popular approaches to combine the equations of motion of both models.…”

Characterisation of pavement profile heights using accelerometer readings and a combinatorial optimisation technique

“…The preferred optimisation method used for this study is the Cross-Entropy (CE) method which is an iterative approach that employs Monte Carlo simulation to arrive at an optimal solution. The CE method is chosen due to its relative ease of implementation and its ability to avoid becoming stuck in local optima [8,9].…”

Experimental validation of a drive-by stiffness identification method for bridge monitoring

“…An advantage of this approach is its relative ease of implementation while it is insensitive to local optima. 46,47 In this paper, the approach of Walsh and González 45 is adapted to determine the global stiffness value for the FE beam model which gives the best fit between theoretical static and measured quasi-static beam displacements. Hence, the optimisation problem is formulated as a least squares minimisation of the difference, over N j time steps, between these displacements at quarter span, mid-span and three-quarter span of the beam.…”