TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases

Abstract

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.

Effects of focal cortical cooling on somatosensory evoked potentials in rats

“…Although such an order effect cannot provide an exclusive explanation for such bidirectional changes, it could still be possible that the influence of the experimental order is contaminated. Fourth, it has been widely reported that thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are responsive to heat and/or cold (Caterina et al, 1997; Clapham, 2003; Kashio and Tominaga, 2022; Kauer and Gibson, 2009; Zhang et al, 2023). However, the role of TRP channels in the present study has still been unknown.…”

Transient Receptor Potential Channels in the Healthy and Diseased Blood–Brain Barrier

“…TRP melastatin (TRPM), TRP mucolipin (TRPML), TRP polycystin (TRPP), TRPV, and TRP no mechanoreceptor potential (TRPN); the last one is found in fish and invertebrates and not in humans. [62][63][64][65] Increasing numbers of studies provided evidence that many of these proteins are activated by mechanical, physical, and chemical stimuli; their functions are regulated by several mechanisms. TRP channels were first described over 50 years ago.…”

“…The main roles and functions of different types of TRP channels in both CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) and other systems and organs are reported in Table 2. 65 TRP channels are differently expressed in the CNS and PNS of mammals as indicated in Fig. 13.…”

Norterpene Cyclic Peroxides from the Marine Sponge Diacarnus spinipoculum, Inhibitors of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1

“…As these channels are involved in pathological processes, including pain and inflammation, TRP channels are considered as promising targets for drug development. 1,2 The main approach has been the inhibition of TRPV (vanilloid) or A (ankyrin), to reduce the progression of the inflammatory pathway or to block pain transduction. Specifically in the case of TRPA, previous studies have shown that its antagonists can effectively alleviate pathophysiological conditions, such as neuropathy of various etiologies and inflammation, with only minor side effects.…”

“…Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a group of nonselective cationic channels expressed in the plasma membrane of a variety of cell types in mammals. As these channels are involved in pathological processes, including pain and inflammation, TRP channels are considered as promising targets for drug development. , The main approach has been the inhibition of TRPV (vanilloid) or A (ankyrin), to reduce the progression of the inflammatory pathway or to block pain transduction. Specifically in the case of TRPA, previous studies have shown that its antagonists can effectively alleviate pathophysiological conditions, such as neuropathy of various etiologies and inflammation, with only minor side effects. − Given these clinical implications, efforts have been made to discover new TRPA1 modulators from living organisms.…”