Trouton’s rule mysteries: An attempt to a better understanding

Krimizis-Tsatsoulis, Christos

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2020.106256

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…22 may be seen as a crude explanation of Trouton's rule with vdW equation. For example, the value of Δ S for water at standard pressure ( p °=10 5 Pa) is 81 J K −1 mol −1 , which is close to the value of Trouton's rule [31] …”

Section: Theorysupporting

confidence: 67%

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The Entropy of van der Waals Fluid

Lei,

Wang,

Sun

2024

ChemPhysChem

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Thermodynamic state functions are fundamental quantities in many fields. In this work, the van der Waals (vdW) equation of state and calculation formulas of state functions are derived with statistical thermodynamic method in three‐dimensional (3D) and two‐dimensional (2D) spaces. The heat capacity at constant volume (CV,m) or area (CA,m) is exactly the same as that of ideal gas, but the heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp,m) and other state functions are different from those of ideal gas. The vdW equation of state is a cubic equation, which leads to the fact that the entropy and free energy changes of vdW fluid can be expressed as explicit expressions of volume rather than pressure. Therefore, the adsorbate entropy at constant area can still be theoretically proven to have a linear relationship with the gas‐phase entropy at constant volume. However, the linear correlation between it and gas‐phase entropy at constant pressure is no longer strictly true in theory. In addition, since the vdW equation of state is applicable to both gas and liquid, the linear correlation between adsorbate entropy and liquid‐phase entropy can also be found. At last, the reference state for real gas or fluid at a constant molar volume is suggested.

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Section: Theorysupporting

confidence: 67%

“…For example, the value of ΔS for water at standard pressure (p°= 10 5 Pa) is 81 J K À 1 mol À 1 , which is close to the value of Trouton's rule. [31] Other thermodynamic functions, such as internal energy, enthalpy or heat capacity, can also be derived. The molar heat capacity at constant volume of vdW fluid is the same as that of ideal gas.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Entropy of van der Waals Fluid

Lei,

Wang,

Sun

2024

ChemPhysChem

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“…[ 34 ] Thereafter, Trouton's law (i.e., Δ S vap ≈ 10.5R) is applied for the estimation of the heat of evaporation at one atmospheric pressure, which generally agrees well with no polar compound. [ 35 ] The surface energy of FDTS is a dispersive term dominated with low polar components, validating the applicability of Trouton's law. By plugging the T B information of FDTS (Table S1, Supporting Information) into Equation (), the vapor pressure is outlined in Figure 1d.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…It is worth noting that the polar component is ≈3 mJ m −2 , indicating the weak polar characteristic and validating the utilization of Trouton's law as discussed in the previous vapor pressure derivation. [ 35 ] The deposition of the FDTS is further examined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), together with the bare Si substrate. Three elements are measured, including C, F, and Cl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wafer‐Scale, Highly Uniform Surface Functionalization from Vapor Phase and Applications to Organic Transistors

Chen

Piao

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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The surface functionalization by self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) favors well‐packed organic semiconductor growth and reduces interfacial traps, which assists in developing high‐performance organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). Herein, the conventional SAM growth from the vapor phase is ameliorated and systematically studied. With 1H,1H,2H,2H‐Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane as an example, it is found that deposition temperature of no less than 120 °C and deposition pressure of up to 0.02 bar is preferred for SAM deposition without morphological defects. The optimized SAMs are ultrasmooth with a surface roughness of 0.09 nm and can be escalated to wafer scale. It is verified that the growth condition is universal for other trichlorosilane species. Finally, it is shown that the OTFTs with defect‐free SAMs can achieve an average mobility of 1.79 cm2 V−1 s−1 using dinaphtho(2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f)thieno(3,2‐b)thiophene as the active layer, which is 2.06 times to the devices with defective SAMs and paces up the large‐area and high‐performance organic electronics.

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“…It is also worth comparing our selected ∆h v (T b ) value with the prediction of Trouton's rule that allows a rough estimate of ∆h v with knowledge of the normal boiling temperature T b alone [46]. The original version of the Trouton rule states that the entropy of vaporization is a quasiuniversal constant for all metals with an approximate value ∆s v ≃ 10.5R, but it is known to provide rather crude estimates [48,49,50]. The modified Trouton's rule of Kistiakowsky has a theoretical origin, leads to more accurate estimates and reads as ∆s v = 4.4R + R ln T b [51].…”

Section: Phase Transition Temperatures and Latent Heatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid beryllium relevant for fusion applications

Tolias

2022

Preprint

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The status of the literature is reviewed for thermophysical properties of pure polycrystalline solid and liquid beryllium which constitute input for the modelling of intense plasma-surface interaction phenomena that are important for fusion applications (thermal analysis, vapor shielding, melt motion, arcing, dust generation, dust transport). Reliable experimental data are analyzed for the latent heats, specific isobaric heat capacity, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, mass density, vapor pressure, work function, total hemispherical emissivity and absolute thermoelectric power from the room temperature up to the normal boiling point of beryllium as well as for the surface tension and the dynamic viscosity across the liquid state. Analytical expressions are recommended for the temperature dependence of these thermophysical properties, which involve high temperature extrapolations given the absence of extended liquid beryllium measurements.

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Trouton’s rule mysteries: An attempt to a better understanding

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

The Entropy of van der Waals Fluid

The Entropy of van der Waals Fluid

Wafer‐Scale, Highly Uniform Surface Functionalization from Vapor Phase and Applications to Organic Transistors

Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid beryllium relevant for fusion applications

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