Tropospheric and lower stratospheric vertical profiles of ethane and acetylene

Cronn, Dagmar R.; Robinson, Elmer

doi:10.1029/gl006i008p00641

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A column packed with Porapak N (80/100 mesh) was used for the analysis. The detection limits as reported by Cronn and Robinson (1979b) are 0.12 pg/m3 for ethane (0.1 ppb) and 0.04 pg/m3 for acetylene (0.04 ppb) for a 500-ml sample aliquot. The sample aliquot sizes used in this study ranged from 250 ml to 1 liter.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Analysis of atmospheric hydrocarbons during winter MONEX

Cronn

Nutmagul²

1982

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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The distribution of gaseous atmospheric hydrocarbon compounds, halocarbons, and nitrous oxide were studied. Whole air samples were collected aboard the NCAR Electra aircraft platform during the Monsoon Experiment (MONEX) flights in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and on ferry flights to and from the United States. Foliage emission rates were also measured on some tropical plants.The average free tropospheric TNMHC (total non-methane hydrocarbon) levels from both the transit flight and mission flights were low (2.5 pg/m3). TNMHC just above the forest canopy over Borneo but within the mixing layer was higher and the concentrations over land were higher than those obtained over the ocean. The fluorocarbons showed a small latitude gradient or a difference between continental and oceanic air masses or (possibily) both. Methyl chloroform also showed a significant latitude profile. Nitrous oxide was uniformly distributed in the atmosphere. The C, hydrocarbons, ethane and acetylene, also showed latitudinal gradients.The emission rates of foliage in the tropics were higher than those reported by other investigators for the mid-latitudes. The species sampled indicated that most tropical vegetation emits predominantly isoprene, rather than terpenes.

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Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…and number of samples ( N ) are given in Table 2. Cronn and Robinson (1979) reported average upper tropospheric concentrations, between 20,000 ft (6 km) and 35,000 ft (11 km) near 37ON-123OW of Cronn and Robinson (1979b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of atmospheric hydrocarbons during winter MONEX

Cronn

Nutmagul²

1982

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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“…ThIs is done by pumpmg [7,[14][15][16][17]30,32] or cryogemcally [33,34]. The use of pumps adds another source of sample deterioratIOn, and even for metal bellows pumps contamination is possible for some trace gases [32]. Cryogenic samphng is done by reducing the temperature of the sample contamer below the condensation temperature of air, e.g., by Immersing the container in liquid nitrogen or neon.…”

Section: Whole-air Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 dm 3 to several tens of dm 3 • Glass or stainless-steel sample containers cause less contamination problems but are more expensive than plastic bags. In the past, glass vessels have been widely used for air sampling [21][22][23][24][25][26], but more recently mostly stainless-steel canisters have become more popular [1][2][3][4][5]7,14,17,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Stainless-steel sample canisters are nowadays in general equipped with metal bellows valves [1][2][3][4][5]14,16,19,28,29], which avoids all polymenc seals etc.…”

Section: Whole-air Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the possible condensatIOn of water vapour at reduced temperatures limits the sample volume or requires the use of a drying agent. However, it should be mentIOned that preconcentration at subambient temperatures is widely used for the analysis of whole-air samples in the laboratory [1][2][3][4][5][16][17][18][19][28][29][30][31][32] or for in situ analysis [53].…”

Section: Thermal Desorptlonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sampling of organic volatiles in the atmosphere at moderate and low pollution levels

Rudolph¹,

Müller²,

Koppmann³

1990

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Several techntques are avatlable for measunng organic volattles m the atmosphere. For measurements at low and moderate pollUtlon levels (between several p.g m-3 and a fraction of a p.g m-3 ), the eXIstmg methods can be adopted to a broad range of different compounds. Whole-atr samphng m stamless-steel containers With metal bellows valves combmed With subsequent gas chromatograpluc separatIOn after preconcentratlon 10 the laboratory IS probably the best procedure for low and medium molecular Weight trace gases of moderate or low polanty and reasonable cherrncal stability (e.g., hydrocarbons and halocarbons). For orgamc compounds of lower volatility, adsorptlve samphng on non-polar porous orgaruc polymers (e.g, Tenax) and thermal desorptlon combmed WIth cryotrappmg and gas chromatograpluc separation of the sampled compounds IS Widely used However, there are often substantial problems due to artefact formatIOn or loss reactIOns Owmg to the generally larger sample volumes, these problems are even more pronounced for sorptlve samphng techntques combmed with sample recovery by solvent extraction. Unfortunately, the general understandmg of the vanous processes of sample degradatlon due to cherrncal reactlons of reactlve components of the atmosphere With each other or WIth the sorbent IS not yet suffiCient to allow reasonable estlmates of the extent of such mterferences Without elaborate test procedures. Keywords. Au, Samplmg procedures; Extractlon, Orgamc volatdesThe demand for accurate, reliable and sensitive techniques for the monitoring of organic trace constituents in the atmosphere has increased tremendously in the recent past. The reasons include not only a growing concern for the quality of the environment but also the realization that atmosphenc pollution is not only a local problem. At the same time, the number of different organic compounds which are emitted into the atmosphere has been rising steadily. Further, it has been recognized that several substances which had been considered harmless can pose serious hazards to the enVIronment. There is a broad range of techniques for the determination of organic compounds at trace levels wmch are sufficiently sensitive and selective. Chromatography (predominantly LC and GC) is the most widely used method and allows the identification and quantification of organic compounds in sub-nanogram amounts. With few exceptions, the analysis itself is carried out in the laboratory, which means that the sample has somehow to be transported to the laboratory. For many kinds of environmental measurements, representative and contamination-or lossfree sampling often requires substantial efforts and iD general air is one of the most difficult environmenal media for sampling. The problems are easy to understand but difficult to solve. Sample contamers for air are not only more complicated than those for solid or liquid material but also, owing to the low density of air, the volume which has to be collected for an analysis for trace components is generally larger than that for...

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Kinetics of the gas phase reaction of Cl atoms with a series of organics at 296 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure

Atkinson¹,

Aschmann²

1985

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

174

122

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Using a relative rate technique, rate constants have been determined for the gas phase reactions of C1 atoms with a series of organics at 296 5 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. Using a rate constant of 1.97 x lo-'' cm3 molecule-' s-' for the reaction of C1 atoms with n-butane, the following rate constants (in units of lo-'' cm3 molecule-' s -' ) were obtained: ethane, 6.38 2 0.18; propane, 13.4 2 0.5; isobutane, 13.7 2 0.2; n-pentane, 25.2 2 1.2; isopentane, 20.3 2 0.8; neopentane, 11.0 2 0.3; n-hexane, 30.3 2 0.6; cyclohexane, 31.1 2 1.4; 2,3-dimethylbutane, 20.7 2 0.6; nheptane, 34.1 2 1.2; acetylene, 6.28 2 0.18; ethene, 10.6 2 0.3; propene, 24.4 2 0.8; benzene, 1.5 2 0.9; and toluene, 5.89 2 0.36. These data are compared and discussed with the available literature values.

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Tropospheric and lower stratospheric vertical profiles of ethane and acetylene

Cited by 62 publications

References 7 publications

Analysis of atmospheric hydrocarbons during winter MONEX

Analysis of atmospheric hydrocarbons during winter MONEX

Sampling of organic volatiles in the atmosphere at moderate and low pollution levels

Kinetics of the gas phase reaction of Cl atoms with a series of organics at 296 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure

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