Tropolones of cupressaceae—III.

Zavarin, Eugene; Smith, Leslie V.; Bicho, Joseph G.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82881-2

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Characters 46-56-Tropolone characters (46: tropolone backbone, 47: ␣thujaplicin, 48: ␣-thujaplicinol, 49: ␣-dolabrinol, 50: pygmaein, 51: ␤-thujaplicin, 52: ␤-dolabrin, 53: ␤-thujaplicinol, 54: nootkatin, 55: nootkatinol, and 56: ␥-thujaplicin) were coded from data summarized in Zavarin and Anderson (1956), Zavarin et al (1959), Hegnauer (1962, Enzell and Krolikowska (1963), Erdtman and Norin (1966), and Zavarin et al (1967).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cupressus goveniana and C. pigmaea were scored as ''?'' for ␣-thujaplicin because, given the assumed biosynthetic pathway, it would have to be produced as a precursor to ␣-thujaplicinol despite the fact that ␣-thujaplicin was reported to be absent from these taxa-compare Zavarin and Anderson (1956) to Zavarin et al (1967). For similar reasons, X. nootkatensis was scored as ''?''…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of Callitropsis and the newly described genus Xanthocyparis (Cupressaceae)

Little

Schwarzbach

Adams

et al. 2004

American J of Botany

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A new species of conifer was recently discovered in northern Vietnam. In a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of morphological data a possible sister species, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach, was identified; however, because of the presumed phylogenetic remoteness of these two species to the remainder of the Cupressaceae, a new genus-Xanthocyparis-was described to accommodate both species. Here an analysis of ITS (nrDNA), matK, and rbcL sequence data in combination with 58 informative morphological characters was aimed at testing the monophyly of the remainder of Chamaecyparis and evaluating the placement and monophyly of Xanthocyparis. Chamaecyparis, minus C. nootkatensis, was resolved as a monophyletic group, remote from Cupressus and Xanthocyparis. Cupressus, Juniperus, and Xanthocyparis formed a very highly supported monophyletic group. However, Cupressus was not monophyletic. Instead the Old World species sampled were resolved sister to a clade containing a monophyletic Juniperus, a monophyletic Xanthocyparis, and a clade of New World Cupressus species. If both species of Xanthocyparis are to be treated as members of the same genus, then due to the principal of priority they will have to be recognized in the genus Callitropsis. Research is continuing to resolve the status of New World and Old World Cupressus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of Callitropsis and the newly described genus Xanthocyparis (Cupressaceae)

Little

Schwarzbach

Adams

et al. 2004

American J of Botany

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“…Nozoe [9,10] first studied tropolone derivatives in Thujopsis dolabrata. Zavarin and Anderson [11] and Zavarin et al [12,13,14] also studied tropolones in the family Cupressaceae; and there is a series of studies on chemicals in Juniperus thurifera [15]. Conifer Cupressaceous trees contain many different types of tropolone derivatives, including thujaplicins ( -, -, -isoforms), -thujaplicinol, -dolabrin, -dolabrinol, nootkatin, nootkatinol, pygmaein, isopygmaein, procein, chanootin, hydroxy alkenyl tropolone, as well as nezukone (4-isopropyltropone) in the heartwood [12,14,16,17], as shown in ( Fig.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Plant Troponoidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant Troponoids: Chemistry, Biological Activity, and Biosynthesis

Zhao

2007

CMC

107

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Tropone or tropolone and its derivatives (here together called troponoids) belong to a family of natural products with a seven-membered aromatic ring and various side groups. They are mainly synthesized by plants and fungi, and most troponoids play roles of antibacterial defenses in these organisms. With an increasingly severe situation of antibiotic resistant bacteria, as well as a requirement for antifungal medicines, troponoids have attracted extensive studies since they have powerful antibacterial and antifungal activity, particularly against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, many other biological activities such as antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, or enzyme inhibitor activities are associated with troponoids. After extensive studies in the 1960s-70s, interests in natural troponoids dedclined. However, chemical and biomedical studies on troponoids bloom again from the 1990s. To date great progress has been made with troponoid study in terms of identification of new natural troponoids, chemical synthesis and properties, biological activity, biosynthesis and metabolism. Particularly, bioassay-guided screening strategy and structure-activity relation-directed structure modification and drug design has resulted in the synthesis and discovery of many new derivatives. Many of them have great promise to be developed into new medicines for their potent and specific activities. This review presents the recent advances in troponoid studies and highlights multiple faceted biological activities of troponoids, as well as their relationships with chemical structures. Chemistry, biosynthesis, and production via biotechnology of troponoids are also briefly reviewed. Applications of troponoids in daily life, agriculture, medicine, and industry, and the related patents have been considered to further extend our understanding of the increasing impact of troponoids on humans.

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“…Thujaplicins also occur in plant species throughout the Cupressaceae family (Zavarin et al 1967). Tropolonetype compounds are known to have antimicrobial activities in species such as Aomori hiba cedar (Thujopsis dolabrata) (Inamori and Morita 2001), Mexican cypress (Cupressus lusitanica) (Zhao et al 2006) and Taiwan incense cedar (Calocedrus formosana) (Ono et al 1998).…”

Section: Extractives Analyses Of T Plicata Fsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening fungi tolerant to Western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) extractives. Part 2. Development of a feeder strip assay

et al. 2007

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Western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) is a naturally durable softwood species native to British Columbia in Canada, and Washington, Oregon and California in the USA. Untreated T. plicata products are usually durable because of the presence of extractives with anti-microbial activity. However, there are extractive tolerant fungi that can attack T. plicata. To screen for extractive-tolerant species we developed a T. plicata feeder strip assay. When the feeder strips were placed on malt extract agar, extractives from the wood accumulated in the media and strongly inhibited growth of non-tolerant fungal strains. Extractives remaining in feeder strips following incubation on media were characterized. Of the many compounds leached out, g-and b-thujaplicin, b-thujaplicinol, plicatic acid and thujic acid were quantified. The growth of selected fungal strains was not affected by plicatic acid; however, it was inhibited to different degrees by band g-thujaplicin. Pachnocybe ferruginea was extractivetolerant and may play an important role in the initial stages of degradation of T. plicata products.

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Tropolones of cupressaceae—III.

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

The circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of Callitropsis and the newly described genus Xanthocyparis (Cupressaceae)

The circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of Callitropsis and the newly described genus Xanthocyparis (Cupressaceae)

Plant Troponoids: Chemistry, Biological Activity, and Biosynthesis

Screening fungi tolerant to Western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) extractives. Part 2. Development of a feeder strip assay

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