Tropical root and tuber crops: cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids

Lebot, Vincent

doi:10.1079/9781789243369.0000

Cited by 77 publications

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“…The difference in fertilizer impact between 2018 and 2019 may be due to different meteorological conditions during field experiments (Figure 2). The temperature was identical in the two years, but the sunshine duration in 2018 was longer than in 2019, mostly from 30 to 90 days after planting when it was shoot growth phase in yam plants (Lebot, 2019). Since the total rainfall in 2019 was higher than in 2018, it could be considered that the utilization efficiency was low due to the outflow of fertilizer by the rain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Soil Nutrient Tolerance and Mineral Fertilizer Response in White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Genotypes

et al. 2021

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Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major food security crop for millions of resource-poor farmers, particularly in West Africa. Soil mineral deficiency is the main challenge in yam production, especially with the dwindling of fallow lands for the indigenous nutrient supply. Cultivars tolerant to available low soil nutrients and responsive to added nutrient supply are viable components of an integrated soil fertility management strategy for sustainable and productive yam farming systems in West Africa. This study’s objective was to identify white Guinea yam (D. rotundata) genotypes adapted to available low soil nutrients and responsive to externally added nutrient supply. Twenty advanced breeding lines and a local variety (Amula) were evaluated under contrasting soil fertility, low to expose the crop to available low soil nutrient supply and high to assess the crop response to added mineral fertilizer (NPK) input at Ibadan, Nigeria. The genotypes expressed differential yield response to low soil fertility (LF) stress and added fertilizer input. Soil fertility susceptibility index (SFSI) ranged from 0.64 to 1.34 for tuber yield and 0.60 to 1.30 for shoot dry weight. The genotypes R034, R041, R050, R052, R060, R100, and R125 combined lower SFSI with a low rate of reduction in tuber yield were identified as tolerant to LF stress related to the soil mineral deficiency. Likewise, the genotypes R109, R119, and R131 showed high susceptibility to soil fertility level and/or fertilizer response. Genotypes R025 and R034 had the tuber yielding potential twice of that the local variety under low soil nutrient conditions. Shoot dry weight and tuber yield showed a positive correlation both under low and high soil fertility conditions (r = 0.69 and 0.75, respectively), indicating the vigor biomass may be a morphological marker for selecting genotypes of white Guinea yam for higher tuber yield. Our results highlight genotypic variation in the tolerance to low soil nutrients and mineral fertilizer response in white Guinea yam to exploit through breeding and genetic studies to develop improved genotypes for low and high input production systems in West Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Soil Nutrient Tolerance and Mineral Fertilizer Response in White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Genotypes

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, Kassi et al (2017) reported that soil organic carbon stocks contributed to the increased tuber yield, as D. rotundata crops harvested after Chromoleana odorata (green fertilizer) fallows produced the maximum yield. Consequently, yam producers perceive the decline in soil fertility as a critical constraint for yam production in areas under intensive cultivation (Lebot, 2019). Despite this, fertilizer use in Sub-Saharan Africa is generally low, partly because farmers do not recognize adequate profit opportunities with acceptable risks (Kaizzi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass production and nutrient use efficiency in white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) genotypes grown under contrasting soil mineral nutrient availability

et al. 2022

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Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is of great importance to food security, especially in West Africa. However, the loss of soil fertility due to dwindling fallow lands with indigenous nutrient supply poses a challenge for yam cultivation. This study aimed to determine shoot and tuber biomass and nutrient use efficiency of white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) grown under low- and high-NPK conditions. Six white Guinea yam genotypes were used in field experiments conducted at Ibadan, Nigeria. Experiments were conducted with low soil NPK conditions with zero fertilizer input and high soil NPK conditions with mineral fertilizer input. Differences in response to soil NPK conditions, nutrient uptake, and nutrient use efficiency (apparent nutrient recovery efficiency) were observed among the tested genotypes. The genotypes TDr1499 and TDr1649, with high soil fertility susceptibility index (SFSI>1) and an increase in shoot and tuber biomass with fertilizer input, were recognized as susceptible to soil NPK conditions. There was a marked difference in apparent nutrient recovery efficiency; however, there was no varietal difference in physiological efficiency. Differences in apparent nutrient recovery efficiency among genotypes affected the fertilizer response (or susceptibility to soil NPK conditions) and the nutrient uptake. In contrast, the genotype TDr2029, with SFSI<1 and low reduction in shoot and tuber production between non-F and +F conditions, was recognized as a less susceptible genotype to soil NPK status. It was revealed that NPK fertilization did not reduce tuber dry matter content, regardless of genotype differences in susceptibility to soil NPK conditions. Hence, this could be helpful to farmers because it implies that yield can be increased without reducing tuber quality through a balanced application of soil nutrients. Our results highlight genotypic variation in sensitivity to the soil NPK availability, nutrient uptake, and nutrient use efficiency white Guinea yam. Differences in susceptibility to soil NPK conditions could be due to the genotypic variations in nutrient recovery efficiency white Guinea yam. Our findings could contribute to breeding programs for the development of improved white Guinea yam varieties that enhance productivity in low soil fertility conditions with low and high-input farming systems.

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Weed cloth, an option for integrated weed management for short‐duration cassava

et al. 2021

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Weeds, a major constraint in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), cause 45-75% yield loss. Weed management in short-duration cassava is unexplored. Field experiment was conducted during 2013-2015 at ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI), Kerala, India, in a split-plot design. Main plots comprised three shortduration cassava varieties (H-165, Sree Vijaya, and Vellayani Hraswa) and subplots five weed control methods, chemical (using pre-emergence herbicide, oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg a.i. ha −1 on the day of planting), mulching with crop residues and green manure, weed control ground cover cloth (WCGCC), hand-weeded, and unweeded controls. Weed flora was dominated by broad-leaved weeds, hog weed or red spiderling (Boerhavia diffusa L.), colored fleabane (Vernonia cinerea L.), red tassel flower [Emilia sonchifolia (L.)], Asian spiderflower or tick weed (Cleome viscosa L.) and the nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), which were absent under WCGCC. Plant height, stem girth, leaf production, tuber biomass, total biomass, crop growth rate, and tuber yield under WCGCC and chemical treatment were greater. The yield under WCGCC was 35 and 15% greater than hand-weeding and chemical methods, respectively. The yield in chemical method was 17% greater than hand-weeding. Combination of crop residues and green manuring were alternatives to chemical and handweeding methods. Unrestricted weed growth reduced yield by 74% over hand-weeding. Weed index was lowest in WCGCC, but similar to chemical and eco-friendly practices. Chemical method generated highest net income and benefit/cost ratio (US$3,315 and 3.4, respectively). The WCGCC, pre-emergence herbicide, and biomass mulching can be components of integrated weed management in cassava.

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Tropical root and tuber crops: cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Low Soil Nutrient Tolerance and Mineral Fertilizer Response in White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Genotypes

Low Soil Nutrient Tolerance and Mineral Fertilizer Response in White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Genotypes

Biomass production and nutrient use efficiency in white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) genotypes grown under contrasting soil mineral nutrient availability

Weed cloth, an option for integrated weed management for short‐duration cassava

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