Tropical Pacific Observing System

Smith, Neville; Kessler, William S.; Cravatte, Sophie; Sprintall, Janet; Wijffels, Susan E.; Cronin, Meghan F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Serra, Yolande L.; Dewitte, Boris; Strutton, Peter G.; Hill, Katherine; Gupta, Alex Sen; Lin, Xiaopei; Takahashi, K.; Chen, Dake; Brunner, Shelby

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00031

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…The relative remoteness and harsh environmental conditions over polar regions hinder efforts to provide adequate observations for ODAP systems. Improvements in observing technology and capabilities provide new avenues for sustained observations in polar regions suitable for ODAP systems (Smith N. et al, 2019). While these technologies make a more comprehensive polar ocean observing system, including sea-ice observations, feasible, the question remains, is it worth the cost?…”

Section: Arctic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing System Evaluation Based on Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction Systems: On-Going Challenges and a Future Vision for Designing and Supporting Ocean Observational Networks

et al. 2019

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This paper summarizes recent efforts on Observing System Evaluation (OS-Eval) by the Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction (ODAP) communities such as GODAE OceanView and CLIVAR-GSOP. It provides some examples of existing OS-Eval methodologies, and attempts to discuss the potential and limitation of the existing approaches. Observing System Experiment (OSE) studies illustrate the impacts of the severe decrease in the number of TAO buoys during 2012-2014 and TRITON buoys since 2013 on ODAP system performance. Multi-system evaluation of the impacts of assimilating satellite sea surface salinity data based on OSEs has been performed to demonstrate the need to continue and enhance satellite salinity missions. Impacts of underwater gliders have been assessed using Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to provide guidance on the effective coordination of the western North Atlantic observing system elements. OSSEs are also being performed under H2020 AtlantOS Fujii et al.Observing System Evaluation project with the goal to enhance and optimize the Atlantic in-situ networks. Potential of future satellite missions of wide-swath altimetry and surface ocean currents monitoring is explored through OSSEs and evaluation of Degrees of Freedom for Signal (DFS). Forecast Sensitivity Observation Impacts (FSOI) are routinely evaluated for monitoring the ocean observation impacts in the US Navy's ODAP system. Perspectives on the extension of OS-Eval to coastal regions, the deep ocean, polar regions, coupled data assimilation, and biogeochemical applications are also presented. Based on the examples above, we identify the limitations of OS-Eval, indicating that the most significant limitation is reduction of robustness and reliability of the results due to their system-dependency. The difficulty of performing evaluation in near real time is also critical. A strategy to mitigate the limitation and to strengthen the impact of evaluations is discussed. In particular, we emphasize the importance of collaboration within the ODAP community for multi-system evaluation and of communication with ocean observational communities on the design of OS-Eval, required resources, and effective distribution of the results. Finally, we recommend further developing OS-Eval activities at international level with the support of the international ODAP (e.g., OceanPredict and CLIVAR-GSOP) and observational communities.

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Section: Arctic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing System Evaluation Based on Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction Systems: On-Going Challenges and a Future Vision for Designing and Supporting Ocean Observational Networks

et al. 2019

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“…Ocean data in support of extreme weather events need to focus on resolving upper ocean features such as barrier layers, spatial variability of warm currents, mesoscale OHC changes, and surface waves (Centurioni et al, 2019) prior to and during the season in each basin where TCs occur, with distribution of data in real-time. However, the scientific and operational requirements of observing platforms, such as profiling floats (Roemmich et al, 2019), moorings (Foltz et al, 2019;Masumoto et al, 2019;Smith et al, 2019), and expendable probes , do not explicitly target these needs. Sustained and targeted high-resolution ocean observations provide a means to better understand the processes responsible for the rapid evolution of the ocean and its feedback on the atmosphere during these extreme weather conditions.…”

Section: Ocean Observations In Support Of Tropical Cyclones Studies Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones

et al. 2019

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Over the past decade, measurements from the climate-oriented ocean observing system have been key to advancing the understanding of extreme weather events that originate and intensify over the ocean, such as tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical bomb cyclones (ECs). In order to foster further advancements to predict and better understand these extreme weather events, a need for a dedicated observing system component specifically to support studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs has been identified, but such a system has not yet been implemented. New technologies, pilot networks, targeted deployments of instruments, and state-of-the art coupled numerical models have enabled advances in research and forecast capabilities and illustrate a potential framework for future development. Here, applications and key results made possible by the different ocean observing efforts in support of studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs, as well as recent advances in observing technologies and strategies are reviewed. Then a vision and specific recommendations for the next decade are discussed.

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“…The LLWBCs of the Solomon Sea have been highlighted by the Tropical Pacific Observing System 2020 project as a key component of tropical circulation that requires sustained monitoring (Cravatte et al., ; Smith et al., ). To successfully monitor transport through the Solomon Sea, planned observing systems will need to be designed such that the strong intraseasonal variability observed in Solomon Strait is not aliased onto annual and interannual time series.…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moored Observations of Transport in the Solomon Sea

et al. 2019

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The Solomon Sea is a marginal sea in the western Pacific warm pool that contains the South Pacific low latitude western boundary currents. These low latitude western boundary currents chiefly exit the Solomon Sea through three channels (Vitiaz Strait, St. George's Channel, and Solomon Strait) and serve as the primary source water for the Equatorial Undercurrent. Simulations have shown that transport partitioning between the straits determines the water mass structure of the Equatorial Undercurrent, but the relative contributions of transport through each strait have not been observed before. As part of the Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment, an array of moorings was deployed simultaneously in the three outflow channels of the Solomon Sea from July 2012 until March 2014 to resolve transport and water properties in each strait. Above deep isopycnals (σ0 ≤ 27.5), Vitiaz and Solomon Straits account for 54.2% and 36.2% of the mean transport, respectively, with the remaining 9.6% exiting through St. George's Channel. The strongest subinertial transport variability is observed in Solomon Strait and dominates total Solomon Sea transport variability, and a significant fraction of this variability is at intraseasonal time scales. Finally, a previously unobserved deep current at 1,500‐m depth is found to enter the Solomon Sea through Solomon Strait, with a deployment‐mean transport of 4.6 Sv (Sv ≡106 m3/s).

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Tropical Pacific Observing System

Cited by 62 publications

References 114 publications

Observing System Evaluation Based on Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction Systems: On-Going Challenges and a Future Vision for Designing and Supporting Ocean Observational Networks

Observing System Evaluation Based on Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction Systems: On-Going Challenges and a Future Vision for Designing and Supporting Ocean Observational Networks

Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones

Moored Observations of Transport in the Solomon Sea

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