Tropical Deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol

Santilli, Márcio; Moutinho, Paulo; Schwartzman, Stephan; Nepstad, Daniel C.; Curran, Lisa M.; Nobre, Carlos A.

doi:10.1007/s10584-005-8074-6

Cited by 314 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Taking the latter activity into consideration, it is interesting to mention that intentional burning of sugar cane crops and forest fires are common in Brazil (Lara et al, 2005;Santilli et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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• Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans • Negative correlations were found between length and TEQ values in franciscanas.• PCB concentrations found are among the highest ever reported for cetaceans. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Blubber samples from three delphinid species (false killer whale, Guiana and rough-toothed dolphin), as well as liver samples from franciscana dolphins were analyzed for dioxins and related compounds (DRCs). Samples were collected from 35 cetaceans stranded or incidentally captured in a highly industrialized and urbanized area (Southeast and Southern Brazilian regions). Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans. Non-ortho coplanar PCBs, for franciscanas (82%), and mono-ortho PCBs (up to 80%), for delphinids, constituted the groups of highest contribution to total TEQ. Regarding franciscana dolphins, significant negative correlations were found between total length (TL) and three variables, ΣTEQ-DRCs, ΣTEQ-PCDF and ΣTEQ non-ortho PCB. An increasing efficiency of the detoxifying activity with the growth of the animal may be a plausible explanation for these findings. This hypothesis is reinforced by the significant negative correlation found between TL and PCB126/PCB169 concentration ratio. DRC concentrations (ng/g lipids) varied from 36 to 3006, for franciscana dolphins, as well as from 356 to 30,776, for delphinids. The sum of dioxin-like and indicator PCBs varied from 34,662 to 279,407 ng/g lipids, for Guiana dolphins from Rio de Janeiro state, which are among the highest PCB concentrations ever reported for cetaceans. The high concentrations found in our study raise concern not only on the conservation of Brazilian coastal cetaceans, but also on the possibility of human health problem due to consumption of fish from Brazilian estuaries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Although these gases tend to be shaped in lower volumes than CO 2 they have greater global warming potential. To adhere to good practice, CH 4 and N 2 O emissions should be fully accounted for where noteworthy. However, where minor, meaning less than 1% of the total [21], such emission can be absent from secretarial.…”

Section: Principles Of Forest Carbon Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplementary dominantly the shock of deforestation is the principal donor of steamy terra firma bring into play emission [1,2], with Africa causal 25-30% of humid land defrayal on or after deforestation, and as a great deal as 0.37 Pg C yr -1 , in the preceding decades [3]. Plummeting release from deforestation and woodland squalor (REDD) is documented as a talented alternative to ease the conservatory effect [4] and REDD is at the present included into the worldwide deliberations procedure. Though on the increase countries are intensely deficient information on carbon supply potentials, the implementation of the REDD is really necessitate estimate on the crash of forest squalor and deforestation on carbon (C) stocks, identifying baselines and monitor forest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Forest Carbon Stock and Suggestion for Carbon Release in Ethiopia

Worku¹,

Agonafir²

2017

J Environ Anal Chem

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The Earth's climate has always gone through periods of change. Over the past few decades, however, the implications of increasing fluctuations in weather patterns have led to recognition of the need for international action. The manmade greenhouse effect is caused by the addition of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), especially Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which are emitted when fossil fuels, such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, are burned. In addition to CO 2 , GHGs include Methane (CH 4 ), Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), Hydrofluoric Carbons (HFCs), Per Fluorocarbons (PFCs), and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 2 ). This situation, combined with additional human activities that have decreased the Earth's natural ability to absorb Carbon dioxide such as the depletion of forest cover. Woodland requisition and stock up additional carbon than some other worldly bionetwork and are a significant accepted brake pedal on type of weather alter. This is complete through the development of foliage enlargement and consequential natural carbon appropriation. The forest ecosystem is an important carbon sink and source containing majority of the above ground terrestrial organic carbon. The forest is declining due to human activities. Sustainable management strategies are necessary to make this forest as carbon sink rather than source. To review the forest's carbon foundation possible, dried out biomass is enumerate since 50% of its division is carbon. Thus, undertaking different studies considering such issues have paramount importance for carbon do business, type of weather alter alleviation and finance magnetism. As a result, increasing home-grown knowledge for biodiversity management, weather modify alleviation and city greening choice is extremely significant in pretty carbon confiscation potentials.

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“…Reports on the real impacts of climate change, for example, are now coming in daily, giving credence to scenarios that were, until recently, dismissed. This provides an impetus to design a workable 'avoided deforestation' carbon fund for the Amazon and elsewhere (Santilli et al, 2003). Such a fund would help conservation contribute to development, would entirely shift the rules for Amazonopoly, and would recognize and compensate for management that benefits the global commons.…”

Section: Guest Editorial Brazilian Amazon -The Race Is Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian Amazon – the race is on

Rylands

Brandon

2005

ORX

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Brazilian Amazon-the race is on Brazil's Amazon forest was largely intact (98-99%) until the early 1970s, up to which time 'only' an area about the size of Portugal had been converted. Since then the Brazilian government has promoted infrastructure for transport (highways, waterways and railways) and energy (four hydroelectric dams to date). These investments have brought soaring deforestation through logging, cattle ranching, mining, and more recently agriculture, especially soybean, and has resulted in a massive arc of deforestation across the southern Amazon from Rondônia, through Mato Grosso, to southern Pará. Highways are now being paved, and the dramatic but typical effects of this can be seen, for example, along the 1,760 km Cuiabá-Santarém BR-163 highway. Each kilometre of asphalt is stimulus to a cycle of logging, clear-cutting and burning, a brief interlude of cattle ranching, and the rapid appearance of soybean plantations and proliferation of secondary roads and conversion of forest. Deforestation from August 2003 to August 2004 was 26,130 km 2 , the second highest on record (since 1988 the highest was 29,059 km 2 , in 1995). Figures for August 2004 to July 2005 indicate an encouraging drop to c. 16,000 km 2 attributed in part to Operation Curupira, which started in June 2005. This was an unprecedented crackdown on illegal logging, focusing on the state of Mato Grosso (responsible for 40% of the total deforestation in 2003-2004 and 60% in 2004-2005). However, these numbers raise the percentage loss for the Brazilian Amazon to c. 17%, or 690,000 km 2. An area the size of France (545,630 km 2) had been lost by 1998, and an entire Greece has been cut down or burnt since then. The immediate purveyors of destruction are settlers, loggers, miners, dam engineers, farmers and cattle ranchers, propelled by prevailing national and state political and economic climates and, increasingly, global demands for resources. An enormous investment in infrastructure is now making Brazil increasingly competitive in world markets for timber and beef, especially to Europe, and soybean to China. Beef exports are booming because of favourable currency exchange rates and the fact that, since 2003, the states of Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Rondônia in the southern Amazon have been declared free of foot-and-mouth disease. The flourishing economy is reflected in the urban population, which tripled from 4.7 million (45% of the region's

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Tropical Deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol

Cited by 314 publications

References 27 publications

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Review on Forest Carbon Stock and Suggestion for Carbon Release in Ethiopia

Brazilian Amazon – the race is on

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