Tropical cyclone-tornado casualties

Moore, Todd W.; Dixon, R. W.

doi:10.1007/s11069-011-0050-z

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Other studies analyze the temporal evolution of fatalities related to more complex phenomena, i.e., tropical cyclones that occurred in China between 1951 and 2008, even if details regarding the way in which people died is not provided [ 37 ]. Similarly, Moore and Dixon [ 38 ] reported 306 injuries and 22 fatalities from 1995 to 2009 caused by tropical cyclone-tornados in the United States, without reporting the ultimate causes of death/injury. Likewise, systematic inventories of lightning-related deaths are null or not sufficient in many regions of the world [ 39 ], and, consequently, studies on fatalities and injuries caused by lightning are infrequent.…”

Section: Literature On Flood and Landslide Fatalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vulnerability of People to Damaging Hydrogeological Events in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

Petrucci

Salvati

Aceto

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Background: Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are severe weather periods during which floods, landslides, lightning, windstorms, hail or storm surges can harm people. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency/intensity of DHEs and, consequently, the potential harm to people. Method: We investigated the impacts of DHEs on people in Calabria (Italy) over 37 years (1980–2016). Data on 7288 people physically affected by DHEs were gathered from the systematic analysis of regional newspapers and collected in the database named PEOPLE. The damage was codified in three severity levels as follows: fatalities (people who were killed), injured (people who suffered physical harm) and involved (people who were present at the place where an accident occurred but survived and were not harmed). During the study period, we recorded 68 fatalities, 566 injured and 6654 people involved in the events. Results: Males were more frequently killed, injured and involved than females, and females who suffered fatalities were older than males who suffered fatalities, perhaps indicating that younger females tended to be more cautious than same-aged males, while older females showed an intrinsic greater vulnerability. Involved people were younger than injured people and fatalities, suggesting that younger people show greater promptness in reacting to dangerous situations. Floods caused the majority of the fatalities, injured and involved people, followed by landslides. Lightning was the most dangerous phenomenon, and it affected a relatively low number of people, killing 11.63% of them and causing injuries to 37.2%. Fatalities and injuries mainly occurred outdoors, largely along roads. In contrast, people indoors, essentially in public or private buildings, were more frequently involved without suffering harm. Being “dragged by water/mud” and “surrounded by water/mud”, respectively, represented the two extremes of dynamic dangerousness. The dragging effect of rapid-flowing water totally or partially obstructed the attempts of people to save their lives. In contrast, people surrounded by steady water/mud encountered difficulties but ultimately could survive. Conclusions: The study outcomes can be used in informational campaigns to increase risk awareness among both administrators and citizens and to improve community resilience, particularly in promoting self-protective behaviors and avoiding the underestimation of hazardous situations.

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Section: Literature On Flood and Landslide Fatalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vulnerability of People to Damaging Hydrogeological Events in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

Petrucci

Salvati

Aceto

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…The FAr has been found to be highest for weakly forced and isolated events (Brotzge et al 2011). Nonsupercell tornadoes, such as from tropical storms (Schultz and Cecil 2009;Moore and Dixon 2012) and squall lines (Trapp et al 2005), pose a significant difficulty for prediction because of their often transient nature. Among the greatest remaining challenges for tornado prediction are the ability to predict exactly when a tornado will initiate (Markowski and richardson 2009), to differentiate between tornadic and nontornadic supercells (Brooks et al 1994;Stensrud et al 1997;Mead 1997;Davies 2004;Schultz and Askelson 2012), and to identify threatening nonsupercell tornadic storms (Wakimoto and Wilson 1989).…”

Section: Prediction Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tornado Warning Process: A Review of Current Research, Challenges, and Opportunities

Brotzge

Donner²

2013

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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With the unusually violent tornado season of 2011, there has been a renewed national interest, through such programs as NOAA's Weather Ready Nation initiative, to reevaluate and improve our tornado warning process. This literature review provides an interdisciplinary, end-to-end examination of the tornado warning process. Following the steps outlined by the Integrated Warning System, current research in tornado prediction and detection, the warning decision process, warning dissemination, and public response are reviewed, and some of the major challenges for improving each stage are highlighted. The progress and challenges in multi-day to short-term tornado prediction are discussed, followed by an examination of tornado detection, focused primarily upon the contributions made by weather radar and storm spotters. Next is a review of the warning decision process and the challenges associated with dissemination of the warning, followed by a discussion of the complexities associated with understanding public response. Finally, several research opportunities are considered, with emphases on understanding acceptable risk, greater community and personal preparation, and personalization of the hazard risk.

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“…The FAR has been found to be highest for weakly forced and isolated events (Brotzge et al 2011). Nonsupercell tornadoes, such as from tropical storms (Schultz and Cecil 2009;Moore and Dixon 2012) and squall lines (Trapp et al 2005), pose a significant difficulty for prediction because of their often transient nature. Among the greatest remaining challenges for tornado prediction are the ability to predict exactly when a tornado will initiate (Markowski and Richardson 2009), to differentiate between tornadic and nontornadic supercells (Brooks et al 1994;Stensrud et al 1997;Mead 1997;Davies 2004;Schultz and Askelson 2012), and to identify threatening nonsupercell tornadic storms (Wakimoto and Wilson 1989).…”

Section: Prediction Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Articles

2013

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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Tropical cyclone-tornado casualties

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

The Vulnerability of People to Damaging Hydrogeological Events in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

The Vulnerability of People to Damaging Hydrogeological Events in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

The Tornado Warning Process: A Review of Current Research, Challenges, and Opportunities

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