Tropical Cyclone–Induced Ocean Response: A Comparative Study of the South China Sea and Tropical Northwest Pacific*,+

Mei, Wei; Lien, Chuen‐Der; Lin, I. I.; Xie, Shang‐Ping

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-14-00651.1

Cited by 83 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The TC samples from the current dataset are clustered into slow movers (TS ≤ 3 m⋅s −1 ), normal movers (4 ≤ TS ≤ 7 m⋅s −1 ) and fast movers (TS > 7 m⋅s −1 ) following Chan and Gray (), for rainfall distribution over the NIO region (Figure ). Initial analyses and recent studies indicate that slow and normal moving TCs are stronger as compared to the fast movers (Mei et al ., ; Busireddy et al ., ; ). The mean intensity of the slow, normal and fast‐moving TCs are 34, 31, and 29 knots, respectively (figure 5b of Busireddy et al ., ; ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between intensity changes and rainfall distribution in tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean

Ankur

Busireddy

Osuri

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission rain estimates the relationship between rainfall and intensity changes in tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) based on 71 TCs during 1997–2017 is investigated. The axisymmetric analyses revealed that climatologically the Bay of Bengal (BoB) TCs produce extremely heavy rainfall (~9–10 mm⋅hr−1) and Arabian Sea TCs produce very heavy rainfall (~7–8 mm⋅hr−1) in the storm inner core region (0–100 km). The inner‐core region receives three times higher rainfall than the outer region (100–300 km). The left‐forward sector experiences the maximum rainfall for any TC intensity over the NIO basin. A significant increase (decrease) in the rain rate is seen during normal to rapid intensification (weakening) phase. A notable decrease in rainfall of ~4.3 mm⋅hr−1 is observed for the rapidly weakening TCs. Slow‐moving TCs are generally stronger and produce heavy rainfall (2–4 mm⋅hr−1) up to ~300 km storm radius. As the translation speed increases, rainfall gradually shifts from rear to the forward sector of the TC. The asymmetry (wavenumber‐1) in TC rainfall structures revealed that rainfall maximum is located in the left‐forward sector for almost all intensity stages. The amplitude of wave number‐1 asymmetry in TC rainfall shows cyclonic shift as the TC intensity increases and is particularly prevalent in the BoB region. These analyses would be helpful as a baseline for evaluating the performance of numerical models and to identify the vulnerable areas for TC heavy rainfall.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between intensity changes and rainfall distribution in tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean

Ankur

Busireddy

Osuri

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Under this assumption, phytoplankton changes due to horizontal advection were not considered. Using the much larger boxes (from 3° × 3° box to 4° × 4° box), the integrated phytoplankton bloom due to typhoons increased significantly [ Foltz et al ., ; Mei et al ., ]. The results in this study suggest that in order to include the influence of horizontal convergence/divergence on phytoplankton response, a larger area need to be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the period of 2000–2008, only about 10% of CEs were significantly influenced by super typhoons [ Sun et al ., ]. Although the typhoon characteristics (including intensity, translation speed, and size) [ Vincent et al ., ; Mei et al ., ; Lu et al ., ], typhoon forcing time [ Sun et al ., ], and ocean thermal stratification [ Walker et al ., ; Zheng et al ., ; Mei et al ., ] are important on oceanic responses. It seems that some important physical processes might be missed, which could weaken or compensate the typhoon‐induced SST cooling in the CEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AEs and CEs have different responses to typhoon. The relatively shallower warm water comparing to the background ocean environment in the CEs leads to a relatively unstable thermodynamic structure that easily elevates cold and nutrient-rich water below [e.g., Walker et al, 2005;Zheng et al, 2010;Mei et al, 2015]. Thus, the SST cooling and phytoplankton blooms induced by the typhoons are more pronounced in the CEs than in background [Walker et al, 2005;Sun et al, 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The responses of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies to typhoon forcing: The vertical temperature‐salinity structure changes associated with the horizontal convergence/divergence

Liu

Sun

et al. 2017

JGR Oceans

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The responses of the cyclonic eddies (CEs) and anticyclonic eddies (AEs) to typhoon forcing in the Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO) are analyzed using Argo profiles. Both CEs and AEs have the primary cooling at the surface (0–10 m depth) and deep upwelling from the top of thermocline (200 m depth) down to deeper ocean shortly after typhoon forcing. Due to the deep upwelling, part of warm and fresh water at the top of AEs move out of the eddy, which leads to a colder and saltier subsurface in the AEs after the passage of the typhoon. In contrast, the inflow of warm and fresh water heats and freshens the subsurface in the CEs to compensate the cooling induced by the typhoon. This explains why the observed strong SST cooling were much less than modeled, since the AEs are more frequent than CEs in the WNPO. It indicates that there is divergence (convergence) of warm and fresh water in the surface of AEs (subsurface of CEs). The divergence‐convergence effects of the AEs and CEs lead to the secondary cooling center locate at a shallow layer of 100 m in the AEs and a much deeper layer of 350 m in the CEs. This shallow divergence‐convergence flow could lead a shallow overturning flow in upper oceans, which may potentially influences the large‐scale ocean circulations and climates.

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“…As TCs pass over the ocean, intense winds cause entrainment mixing and upwelling to bring up the deep cold water and cool the SST [Chang and Anthes, 1978;Price, 1981]. This is an unfavorable mechanism to TC intensification, known as the SST cooling effect [Emanuel, 1999;Bender and Ginis, 2000;Lin et al, 2009b;Yablonski and Ginis, 2008;Mei et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2016].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air‐sea fluxes for Hurricane Patricia (2015): Comparison with supertyphoon Haiyan (2013) and under different ENSO conditions

et al. 2017

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Hurricane Patricia formed on 20 October 2015 in the Eastern Pacific and, in less than 3 days, rapidly intensified from a Tropical Storm to a record‐breaking hurricane with maximum sustained winds measured around 185 knots. It is almost 15 knots higher than 2013's supertyphoon Haiyan (the previous strongest tropical cyclone (TC) ever observed). This research focuses on analyzing the air‐sea enthalpy flux conditions that contributed to Hurricane Patricia's rapid intensification, and comparing them to supertyphoon Haiyan's. Despite a stronger cooling effect, a higher enthalpy flux supply is found during Patricia, in particular due to warmer pre‐TC sea surface temperature conditions. This resulted in larger temperature and humidity differences at the air‐sea interface, contributing to larger air‐sea enthalpy heat fluxes available for Patricia's growth (24% more than for Haiyan). In addition, air‐sea fluxes simulations were performed for Hurricane Patricia under different climate conditions to assess specifically the impact of local and large‐scale conditions on storm intensification associated with six different phases and types of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and long‐term climatological summer condition. We found that the Eastern Pacific El Niño developing and decaying summers, and the Central Pacific El Niño developing summer are the three most favorable ENSO conditions for storm intensification. This still represents a 37% smaller flux supply than in October 2015, suggesting that Patricia extraordinary growth is not achievable under any of these typical ENSO conditions but rather the result of the exceptional environmental conditions associated with the buildup of the strongest El Niño ever recorded.

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Tropical Cyclone–Induced Ocean Response: A Comparative Study of the South China Sea and Tropical Northwest Pacific*,+

Cited by 83 publications

References 61 publications

On the relationship between intensity changes and rainfall distribution in tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean

On the relationship between intensity changes and rainfall distribution in tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean

The responses of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies to typhoon forcing: The vertical temperature‐salinity structure changes associated with the horizontal convergence/divergence

Air‐sea fluxes for Hurricane Patricia (2015): Comparison with supertyphoon Haiyan (2013) and under different ENSO conditions

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