Tropical Cyclone Damages in Sri Lanka

Srisangeerthanan, Sriskanthan; Lewangamage, CS; Wickramasuriya, Samiru Sudharaka

doi:10.5359/jawe.40.294

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Analysis of the seasonal variations of these hydro-meteorological disaster incidents, along with the seasonal weather patterns is of greater importance to have a clear understanding of the possible hazards and to develop the strategies to mitigate the risks associated with those hazards. In the literature, there are several studies (Suppiah and Yoshino, 1984;Srisangeerthanan et al, 2015;Hettiarachchi, 2018;Kumara et al, 2018;Weerasinghe et al, 2018;Disaster Management Center, 2022) carried out to analyse and predict the risks of hydro-meteorological hazards and to analyse the post-disaster damages of these hazards experienced in Sri Lanka. However, only a limited number of studies have considered the relationship between hazard events and the associated weather systems of these hazard events.…”

Section: Figure 1 Types Of Hydro-meteorological Hazards Reported Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By end of November 1957, irrigation tanks reached spilling level and on 17 th of December eastern torrential rainfall (daily average 400 mm) expanded to North and Central highlands, leading to flooding (some locations in Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Vavuniya, Mannar and Puttalam Districts submerged up to over 30 ft. Landslides were reported in Kurunegala, Matale, Kandy, Nuwara-Eliya and Badulla Districts). On 23 rd ~ 26 th December 1957, 171 deaths, damages to 65,000 houses and damages to 35 major irrigation works and 53 minor irrigation works and breaching of 1,300 village tanks were reported (Srisangeerthanan et al, 2015). According to the wind analysis of the 1957 December flood event, anomalous wind convergence is apparent over the northern part of Sri Lanka at low and mid-levels (Figure S12).…”

Section: North-east Monsoon (Nem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydro-Meteorological Disaster Incidents and Associated Weather Systems in Sri Lanka

Tillekaratne,

Jayawardena,

Basnayaka

et al. 2023

J ENVIRON INFORM LET

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This paper presents a comprehensive seasonal analysis of disaster incidents with their associated weather systems happened in Sri Lanka since 1907 to 2019. Disaster incidents and weather records were collected from different reliable sources and analysed with the observed weather systems to understand the formation and development of the weather systems. According to the observations, frequent hydro-meteorological hazards experienced by the country are extreme winds, floods, and landslides. The seasonal analysis shows that majority of these hydro-meteorological disasters have occurred during the southwest monsoon, where the weather was mainly dominated by the monsoon winds entering from the southwest of Sri Lanka which creates torrential rainfall mainly in the wet zone of the country. The frequency of formation of depression and deep depression, from 1907 to 2019 shows that most of these are formed in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), North Indian Ocean, from October to January while having the highest frequency in November followed by December. The study will help to understand the possible damages, and thereby help the community to be prepared for such future hazards. The need for a central platform for generating timely impact-based warnings and helping the community to act was also identified. Further, the census block can be suggested as the smallest; Micro-Geographic Incident Response Unit (MG-IRU) to grant the decision-making power and connect the institution and community in the disaster risk management process.

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Section: Figure 1 Types Of Hydro-meteorological Hazards Reported Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: North-east Monsoon (Nem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-Meteorological Disaster Incidents and Associated Weather Systems in Sri Lanka

Tillekaratne,

Jayawardena,

Basnayaka

et al. 2023

J ENVIRON INFORM LET

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“…Citizens mainly in Colombo, Kalutara, Rathnapura, and Galle districts (Figure 1) have suffered from frequent floods every year. Among the severe cyclonic storms of the past century, the Trinco-Mannar cyclone in December 1964 and the Batticaloa cyclone in November 1978 were the worst in terms of loss of lives and severe damage to infrastructure [2]. In 1964, the death toll was estimated to be over 1000, and approximately 5800 houses were destroyed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1964, the death toll was estimated to be over 1000, and approximately 5800 houses were destroyed. In 1978, the Batticaloa cyclone claimed 915 lives and severely damaged over 100,000 buildings [2]. Further, in May 2003, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB01 did not cross the island, and its track was approximately 700 km away from the east coast [2], resulting in heavy rainfall all over the island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Tropical Cyclones in the North Indian Ocean and the Linkage to Extreme Weather Events over Sri Lanka

Jayasekara,

Ushiyama,

Rasmy

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Heavy rainfall due to tropical cyclones (TCs) in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) adversely impacts nations frequently. Though extensive research has focused on TCs in the NIO, less attention has been given to the connection between TCs and extreme events in Sri Lanka. This study examined atmospheric characteristics during sixteen extreme events, focusing on linkages between TCs, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and mechanisms behind heavy rainfall associated with TCs over Sri Lanka. The results showed that in the pre-monsoon period, TCs move northward with high water vapor (WV) content accumulated in the Southern Hemisphere. This main WV flow over the equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) is connected with TCs, causing considerable damage in the southwestern part of Sri Lanka. During negative IOD years, strong westerly winds create cyclonic circulations on either side of the equator. Conversely, during the post-monsoon period, the IOD phase has no significant effect. TCs generally followed westward tracks, supported by winds from the Northern Hemisphere, and caused heavy rainfall in the Eastern, Northern, and Northcentral provinces in Sri Lanka. These TCs are isolated from the main WV flow over EIO. Such observed common characteristics during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons are key factors contributing to extreme rainfall in Sri Lanka.

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“…Tropical cyclones (TCs) are often accompanied by extreme rainfall events when they make landfall, which may trigger flooding. TCs are one of the most destructive natural disasters in coastal regions of the world [1][2][3]. To better participate in emergency preparedness and reduce the impact of disasters, TC-related forecasting is particularly important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of the Landfall Precipitation by Tropical Cyclones ARB 01 (2002) and Luban (2018) near the Arabian Peninsula

et al. 2022

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Considering the high risk of flooding during tropical cyclones (TCs), there is great practical significance in researching and predicting precipitation during TC landfalls. Using NECP FNL reanalysis data and GPM_MERGIR datasets, two TCs with similar trajectories, ARB 01 in 2002 and Luban in 2018, were analyzed. For ARB 01 and Luban, there are separate effects of wind shear at different heights on the development of vertical motion. Meridional wind shear affects the main deviation direction of vertical motion (downshear), while zonal wind shear mainly affects the deviation direction of vertical motion to the left or right of downshear. The divergent configuration of wind promotes the development of vertical motion. The influence of wind speed provided ideal conditions for ARB 01 to generate symmetric precipitation along its path when it made landfall. Additionally, more water vapor support was obtained from the southern Indian Ocean, which enabled ARB 01 to have a larger and broader average precipitation rate after landing.

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Tropical Cyclone Damages in Sri Lanka

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Hydro-Meteorological Disaster Incidents and Associated Weather Systems in Sri Lanka

Hydro-Meteorological Disaster Incidents and Associated Weather Systems in Sri Lanka

Investigation of Tropical Cyclones in the North Indian Ocean and the Linkage to Extreme Weather Events over Sri Lanka

A Comparative Study of the Landfall Precipitation by Tropical Cyclones ARB 01 (2002) and Luban (2018) near the Arabian Peninsula

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