Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean Interactions in a Conceptual Framework

Jansen, Malte F.; Dommenget, Dietmar; Keenlyside, Noel

doi:10.1175/2008jcli2243.1

Cited by 135 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These findings are in agreement with the results of Dommenget et al (2006);Jansen et al (2009), who used a simple recharge oscillator model fitted to observations; and Frauen and Dommenget (2012) with their hybrid coupled model. Utilizing the BJ index formula as devised by Jin et al (2006), we further show that the underlying thermocline mode is enhanced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of Indo-Pacific Feedback Interactions on ENSO Dynamics Diagnosed Using Ensemble Climate Simulations

2012

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The impact of Indo-Pacific climate feedback on the dynamics of El Niñ o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated using an ensemble set of Indian Ocean decoupling experiments (DCPL), utilizing a millennial integration of a coupled climate model. It is found that eliminating air-sea interactions over the Indian Ocean results in various degrees of ENSO amplification across DCPL simulations, with a shift in the underlying dynamics toward a more prominent thermocline mode. The DCPL experiments reveal that the net effect of the Indian Ocean in the control runs (CTRL) is a damping of ENSO. The extent of this damping appears to be negatively correlated to the coherence between ENSO and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). This type of relationship can arise from the long-lasting ENSO events that the model simulates, such that developing ENSO often coincides with Indian Ocean basin-wide mode (IOBM) anomalies during non-IOD years. As demonstrated via AGCM experiments, the IOBM enhances western Pacific wind anomalies that counteract the ENSO-enhancing winds farther east. In the recharge oscillator framework, this weakens the equatorial Pacific air-sea coupling that governs the ENSO thermocline feedback. Relative to the IOBM, the IOD is more conducive for ENSO growth. The net damping by the Indian Ocean in CTRL is thus dominated by the IOBM effect which is weaker with stronger ENSO-IOD coherence. The stronger ENSO thermocline mode in DCPL is consistent with the absence of any IOBM anomalies. This study supports the notion that the Indian Ocean should be viewed as an integral part of ENSO dynamics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of Indo-Pacific Feedback Interactions on ENSO Dynamics Diagnosed Using Ensemble Climate Simulations

2012

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“…Keenlyside and Latif (2007) showed that all three elements of the Bjerknes feedback exist in the Atlantic but are weaker than in the Pacific, resulting in a 50% lower growth rate for anomalies. From a statistical analysis of observations as well as a conceptual recharge oscillator model Jansen et al (2009) also found that Bjerknes feedbacks are active in the Atlantic but more strongly damped than in the Pacific. As pointed out by Chang et al (2006), whether the feedback can sustain itself depends on the strength of the subsurface ocean response and the connection between subsurface and surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…5 for Reynolds SST versus NCEP wind stress (1982, NEMO-ORCA05 (1958), and SODA (1958 Keenlyside and Latif (2007) and Jansen et al (2009) used wind stress anomalies in the western half of the basin to define the relationship between zonal wind stress and SST because this is where the wind stress response to eastern equatorial SST anomalies is strongest. In the BJ index definition, however, dynamical consistency requires that the wind stress response to SST forcing is computed for the region that is used to estimate the ocean response to that wind stress forcing.…”

Section: Zonal Advection Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Stability Analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño Modes*

Lübbecke¹,

McPhaden²

2013

Journal of Climate

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El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific and the analogous Atlantic Niño mode are generated by processes involving coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions known as the Bjerknes feedback. It has been argued that the Atlantic Niño mode is more strongly damped than ENSO, which is presumed to be closer to neutrally stable. In this study the stability of ENSO and the Atlantic Niño mode is compared via an analysis of the Bjerknes stability index. This index is based on recharge oscillator theory and can be interpreted as the growth rate for coupled modes of ocean-atmosphere variability. Using observational data, an ocean reanalysis product, and output from an ocean general circulation model, the individual terms of the Bjerknes index are calculated for the first time for the Atlantic and then compared to results for the Pacific. Positive thermocline feedbacks in response to wind stress forcing favor anomaly growth in both basins, but they are twice as large in the Pacific compared to the Atlantic. Thermocline feedback is related to the fetch of the zonal winds, which is much greater in the equatorial Pacific than in the equatorial Atlantic due to larger basin size. Negative feedbacks are dominated by thermal damping of sea surface temperature anomalies in both basins. Overall, it is found that both ENSO and the Atlantic Niño mode are damped oscillators, but the Atlantic is more strongly damped than the Pacific primarily because of the weaker thermocline feedback.

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“…The pioneering work of [4] and also [6][7][8] demonstrated that an Atlantic Niño (Niña) increases the probability for a Pacific La Niña (El Niño) event several months later. This inter-basin teleconnection is also verified in the ATL_VAR experiment.…”

Section: Atlantic Niñomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Teleconnection of the Tropical Atlantic to Indo-Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures on Inter-Annual to Centennial Time Scales: A Review of Recent Findings

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In this paper, the teleconnections from the tropical Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific region from inter-annual to centennial time scales will be reviewed. Identified teleconnections and hypotheses on mechanisms at work are reviewed and further explored in a century-long pacemaker coupled ocean-atmosphere simulation ensemble. There is a substantial impact of the tropical Atlantic on the Pacific region at inter-annual time scales. An Atlantic Niño (Niña) event leads to rising (sinking) motion in the Atlantic region, which is compensated by sinking (rising) motion in the central-western Pacific. The sinking (rising) motion in the central-western Pacific induces easterly (westerly) surface wind anomalies just to the west, which alter the thermocline. These perturbations propagate eastward as upwelling (downwelling) Kelvin-waves, where they increase the probability for a La Niña (El Niño) event. Moreover, tropical North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies are also able to lead La Niña/El Niño development. At multidecadal time scales, a positive (negative) Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation leads to a cooling (warming) of the eastern Pacific and a warming (cooling) of the western Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. The physical mechanism for this impact is similar to that at inter-annual time scales. At centennial time scales, the Atlantic warming induces a substantial reduction of the eastern Pacific warming even under CO 2 increase and to a strong subsurface cooling.

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Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean Interactions in a Conceptual Framework

Cited by 135 publications

References 42 publications

Impact of Indo-Pacific Feedback Interactions on ENSO Dynamics Diagnosed Using Ensemble Climate Simulations

Impact of Indo-Pacific Feedback Interactions on ENSO Dynamics Diagnosed Using Ensemble Climate Simulations

A Comparative Stability Analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño Modes*

The Teleconnection of the Tropical Atlantic to Indo-Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures on Inter-Annual to Centennial Time Scales: A Review of Recent Findings

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