Trophoblastic Giant Cell Transformation of Mouse Blastocysts

Dickson, A. D.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0060465

Cited by 58 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Our findings are mostly consistent with the data reported by Dickson [1963Dickson [ , 1966Dickson [ , 1967, with the exception that we did not observe giant cells to be piled up in two or three layers [Dickson, 1963], Giant cell transformation starts at the abembryonic pole where no contact with the uterine epithelium is estab lished (fig. I).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Development of trophoblast and placenta of the mouse

Müntener

Hsu²

1977

Cells Tissues Organs

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At 5 days post conceptionem (p.c.) shortly after implantation, giant cell transformation starts at the abembryonic pole of the blastocyst, spreading over the mural trophoblast; 1 day later, the first ectoplacental giant cells appear at the base of the fast growing ectoplacental cone (derived from the polar trophoblast). Giant cell transformation expands over its periphery. Thus, by the 8th day p.c, the conceptus is separated from the maternal tissue by a continuous layer of giant cells, variable in thickness. Giant cells reach their greatest size by 10 days p.c. in the mural trophoblast and by 12 days p.c. in the chorioallantoic placenta. They are probably no longer formed after that stage. Around the 8th day p.c, the allantois reaches contact with the ectoplacental cone, which develops into the chorioallantoic (definitive) placenta. At 9 days p.c, its four zones can already be discriminated: chorionic plate, labyrinth, junctional zone (trophospongium), and zone of giant cells, respectively. Within the next day, the chorioallantoic placental circulation is established. The yolk sac placental circulation is established by the 9th day p.c The villi of the proximal layer of the yolk sac increase in size and number, and their capillary network becomes more dense until the 12th to 14th day p.c This provides evidence that the yolk sac placenta exerts its function – to a certain extent – beyond the establishment of the definitive placenta. Around the 14th day p.c, the placentallabyrinth reaches its definitive features. Fetal capillaries in the labyrinth, branching from umbilical blood vessels within the septa of connective tissue are surrounded by trophoblast cells. They form a dense vascular network bathing in maternal blood. The structures of the placental zones remain almost the same during further development, the borders becoming sometimes little blurred. Adjacent to the chorionic plate, subchorionic clefts appear at the 14th day p.c These clefts become confluent to form the intraplacental space, regularly communicating with the yolk sac cavity. At the end of gestation (19th day p.c.) there is a considerable amount of eosinophilic material (‘fibrinoid’) between the zone of giant cells and the decidua, probably produced by the giant cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Development of trophoblast and placenta of the mouse

Müntener

Hsu²

1977

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…The trophoblastic giant cell transformation occurs at the time of implantation during normal pregnancy in the mouse, but is absent during delay of implantation due to crowding (Dickson, 1963). However, it can apparently be induced by a dose of oestrogen (0-5 or 5-0 fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Blastocysts During Delay and Subsequent Implantation in Lactating Mice

McLaren¹

1968

Journal of Endocrinology

136

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Blastocysts were studied on the 5th and 8th day of pregnancy in lactating mice, in the fresh state, flushed from the uterus, in squash preparations and in serial sections. At the earlier period some mitosis was observed. Tritiated thymidine incorporation studies gave some evidence of DNA synthesis on the 5th and 6th days of pregnancy. By the 8th day the blastocysts were longer, contained more cells, and mitosis had ceased. They were located at the anti \x=req-\ mesometrial end of the uterine lumen, closely apposed to the uterine epithelium, and with their long axes parallel to the long axis of the uterine horn. Implantation could be induced, either by the removal of the litter, or by the injection of an appropriate dose of oestrogen on the 5th or 7th (but not the 4th) day of pregnancy. Both treatments were followed by the appearance of W-bodies in the neighbourhood of the blastocysts, the disappearance of the shed zonae, and the appearance of Pontamine Blue reactivity, oedema of the uterine stroma and formation of the primary decidual zone, in that order.

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“…It caught our attention that the spatial differences that arise in dye coupling in the Xenopus embryo (9,10,25) correlate to some extent with the onset of spatial differences in the cell cycle in the early embryo (5,15,16,18). Similar correlations also exist between spatial coupling differences and cell cycle changes in the other embryos (1,2,6,7,8,12,13,14,19,23,24), and itmay be worth investigating whether such correlations reflect causality: i.e., whether local cell cycle changes lead to uncoupling between different regions of the embryo or vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Intercellular communication is cell cycle modulated during early Xenopus laevis development.

Tertoolen

Laat

et al. 1990

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Abstract. We investigated intercellular communication during the seventh and tenth cell cycles of Xenopus laevis development using microinjection of Lucifer yellow and FITC-dextran as well as freeze-fracture electron microscopy. We found that gap junction-mediated dye coupling visualized using Lucifer yellow was strongly cell cycle modulated in the tenth cell cycle. Cytoplasmic bridge-mediated dye coupling visualized via FITC-dextran was also, of course, cell cycle modulated. The basis of cell cycle-modulated gap junctional coupling was investigated by measuring the abundance of morphologically detectable gap junctions through the tenth cell cycle. These proved to be six times more abundant at the beginning than at the end of this cell cycle.p :BEVXOUS publications have reported electron microscopical observations of gap junctions (17) and also passage of low molecular weight fluorescent tracers (dye coupling) between nonsister cells (9, 10, 25) during early Xenopus development. Dye coupling is considered good evidence for functional gap junctions between cells in cases where it cannot be ascribed to cytoplasmic bridges remaining between sister cells after cell division. The recent dye coupling studies (9,10,25) indicate an interesting and complex spatial pattern of dye coupling (for example, more dye coupling dorsal than ventral in the animal cap of 16-, 32-, and 256-cell embryos) (9, 10, 25) as well as time-dependent changes in dye coupling in the animal cap (a decrease between the 64-and 128-cell stages and then an increase between 128-and 256-cell stages) (10, 25). These complex findings may help to explain why earlier studies of dye coupling delivered apparently conflicting results in amphibian and other embryos (3, 4, 9, 21). Another complication is reported here. It caught our attention that the spatial and temporal variations reported in dye coupling (9, 10, 25) resemble cell cycle variations in the animal cap of the early Xenopus embryo. The cell cycle length is constant until the tenth cell cycle and then begins to increase (5, 15, 18), just after the increase in dye coupling mentioned above. The cell cycle length then increases more at the dorsal than at the ventral side of the animal cap, showing a similar spatial pattern to the earlier dye coupling differences. These resemblances led us to wonder if a relationship exists between gap junctions and the cell cycle during early Xenopus development and we report an investigation of this point below. We found that dye coupling via gap junctions is, indeed, cell cycle modulated, being more frequent at the beginning of the cycle than at the end. Coupling between sister cells via cytoplasmic bridges is also, of course, similarly cell cycle modulated. There is also a stage-dependent difference, both in the persistence of cytoplasmic bridges and in coupling via gap junctions through the cell cycle between the seventh cell cycle (64-128-cell stage) and the tenth cell cycle (512-1,024-cell stage). The cell cycle modulation in dye coupling in the tenth cell cycle...

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Trophoblastic Giant Cell Transformation of Mouse Blastocysts

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Development of trophoblast and placenta of the mouse

Development of trophoblast and placenta of the mouse

A Study of Blastocysts During Delay and Subsequent Implantation in Lactating Mice

Intercellular communication is cell cycle modulated during early Xenopus laevis development.

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