Trophic transfer of organochlorine pesticides through food-chain in coastal marine ecosystem

Abstract

The present study was designed to characterize the bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in marine organisms (zooplankton, oyster, crab, and goby) on different trophic level. In the present study, sedentary bivalve (oyster) showed strong correlations in OCPs levels with surface sediment in the study area. This indicates the two compartments can be used as alternative for pollution monitoring of OCPs even in narrow scale in space. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of OCPs was strongly associated with their hydrophobicity (i.e., KOW). HCHs with log KOW < 5 did not show any enrichment through food-chain. However, log BAF values of OCPs with log KOW > 5 positioned over the 1:1 lines of log BAF and log KOW of the top predator, indicating the greater fugacities in the higher trophic level and thus the occurrence of biomagnification via ingestion. Based on trophic transfer factors (TTF), more hydrophobic OCPs with log KOW > 5 were enriched by several to several ten times in the highest trophic level relative to the lowest trophic level. This finding can be used in the establishment of marine environmental water quality criteria by considering biomagnification factors (TTF in this study) of OCPs.

Disruption of insect immunity using analogs of the pleiotropic insect peptide hormone Neb-colloostatin: a nanotech approach for pest control II

“…However, most insecticides have a negative effect not only on the target species but also on beneficial insects and on other animals and humans. The widespread use of nonselective insecticides results in a reduced susceptibility of pests to these toxins and, as a result, the need to increase the doses of the toxins, replace the insecticides to which pests have developed resistance with other insecticides, or use insecticide mixtures; these methods increase plant protection costs and cause the accumulation of these toxins in the environment and in food chains 7 – 9 .…”

Rapid field trace detection of pesticide residue in food based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

“…However, this group of pesticides has been reported to pose a threat to the environment and harm people's health, which mainly results from their strong stability and acute toxicity [90]. The chlorobenzene structure of organochlorine pesticides is difficult to degrade in organisms and can be enriched through the biological food chain to harm humans [91]. Even decomposed in the microorganism of soil, the degradation substances of these pesticides are still deleterious.…”

Progress in bioremediation of pesticide residues in the environment

“…The residual levels of pesticides in foods have been monitored and regulated based on the maximum residue level (MRL), as established by phyto-sanitary studies. In 2007, approximately 2.3×10 6 tons of pesticides were used worldwide, and their sales in 2014 reached 52 billion USD [27]. In the European Union, more than 800 pesticides have been authorized, although fewer than 300 pesticides are used in practice [28][29][30].…”

“…Due to excessive application, pesticide residues were reported to remain in the environment longer than 10 years and are detected at a level of µgL -1 in water resources or µgkg -1 in soils [5]. Human exposure to pesticides at a relatively high concentrationcan occur through soils and drinking water, thereby threatening human health and potentially causing fertility disorders due to their high carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity [6,7].…”