Trophic transfer of differently functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles from crustaceans (Daphnia magna) to zebrafish (Danio rerio)

An assessment of the importance of exposure routes to the uptake and internal localisation of fluorescent nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio), using light sheet microscopy

“…Even though limited information exists about their fate and persistence in the aquatic environment (Peijnenburg et al 2015), evidence is building that indicates NPs are taken up by aquatic organisms at different trophic levels (Hoolbrook et al 2008;Cleveland et al 2012;Hou et al 2013;Khan et al 2015). Trophic transfer has been proposed as an important process for NP uptake in fish (Cedervall et al 2012;Geffroy et al 2012;Ladhar et al 2014;Skjolding et al 2014;Batel et al 2015;Mattsson et al 2015), and furthermore it could be suggested that the internal transport, localisation and subsequent toxicity of NPs may differ for organisms through aqueous and dietary exposure. In general, there is a lack of information on the extent of NP uptake at the organism level, and recent concern has been raised regarding the relationship between the uptake route and internal localisation of NPs both in vivo and in vitro (Bondarenko et al 2013;Fabrega et al 2011;Ma et al 2013;Menard et al 2011;Scown et al 2010;Tourinho et al 2012;Xin et al 2014).…”

“…In general, there is a lack of information on the extent of NP uptake at the organism level, and recent concern has been raised regarding the relationship between the uptake route and internal localisation of NPs both in vivo and in vitro (Bondarenko et al 2013;Fabrega et al 2011;Ma et al 2013;Menard et al 2011;Scown et al 2010;Tourinho et al 2012;Xin et al 2014). The influence of aqueous or dietary NP exposure has been examined in fish (Ates et al 2014;Skjolding et al 2014) and aquatic invertebrates (Croteau et al 2014;Larguinho et al 2014;Ramskov et al 2015;Dai et al 2015); however, knowledge regarding the link between exposure route and localisation is still somewhat limited (Croteau 2014;Ramskov et al 2015).…”

Revising REACH guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment for engineered nanomaterials for aquatic ecotoxicity endpoints: recommendations from the EnvNano project

“…The uptake of non-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles was observed to be 4.6 times and 2.3 times higher compared to ZnCl 2 and ZnO bulk (<5 µm), respectively. Even though D. magna body burdens were 9.6 times and 47 higher for ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO-octyl nanoparticles, respectively, than toxic levels reported for zinc, Skjolding et al [73] did not observe increased mortality after the exposure to the Zn-containing nanoparticles. In summary, the results by Skjolding et al [73] show that differently functionalized nanoparticles exhibit different bioavailability to D. magna even though the core material is the same.…”

“…Even though D. magna body burdens were 9.6 times and 47 higher for ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO-octyl nanoparticles, respectively, than toxic levels reported for zinc, Skjolding et al [73] did not observe increased mortality after the exposure to the Zn-containing nanoparticles. In summary, the results by Skjolding et al [73] show that differently functionalized nanoparticles exhibit different bioavailability to D. magna even though the core material is the same. Similar findings were found for differently functionalized Au nanoparticles (citrate and MUDA), showing different uptake and depuration behavior in D. magna after 24 h of uptake [72].…”

“…The study by Skjolding et al [73] investigated the influence of surface functionalization on uptake and depuration behavior of ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO-OH nanoparticles and ZnO-octyl nanoparticles in of D. magna . Whereas no uptake was observed for Zn-OH nanoparticles during 24 h incubation, a rapid initial uptake was observed for ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO-octyl nanoparticles.…”