Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited

Ainley, David G.; Ballard, Grant; Jones, Randolph M.; Jongsomjit, Dennis; Pierce, Stephen D.; Smith, Walker O; Veloz, Sam

doi:10.3354/meps11394

Cited by 71 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…The increased foraging effort in areas with melting ice supports the hypothesis that near-surface prey patches were more abundant in areas of an early phenological stage. Theory suggests that the vertical distribution of pelagic herbivores is determined by a trade-off between food availability and survival (Ohman 1990, Fiksen et al 2005, and krill, the dominant herbivore of the Antarctic Ocean, is subject to the same trade-off (Alonzo & Mangel 2001, Cresswell et al 2009, Ainley et al 2015. The ice-free surface layer is a high-gain, high-risk habitat, while deeper layers have both lower gain and lower risk (Kaart vedt 2010, Ainley et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theory suggests that the vertical distribution of pelagic herbivores is determined by a trade-off between food availability and survival (Ohman 1990, Fiksen et al 2005, and krill, the dominant herbivore of the Antarctic Ocean, is subject to the same trade-off (Alonzo & Mangel 2001, Cresswell et al 2009, Ainley et al 2015. The ice-free surface layer is a high-gain, high-risk habitat, while deeper layers have both lower gain and lower risk (Kaart vedt 2010, Ainley et al 2015. The spring development of the open-water ecosystem provides a predictable change in the abundance of both phyto plankton and meso-predators, and krill should change their position in the water column according to the most profitable depth (Ainley et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the distribution range of krill is covered by seasonal or permanent ice, and the timing and intensity of their reproduction is significantly affected by the amount of sea ice and the timing of ice retreat (Quetin & Ross 2001, Atkinson et al 2004, Kawaguchi et al 2007). Predation pressure on krill from air-breathing predators intensifies during summer, possibly forcing the krill to deeper water and de coupling them from their phytoplankton food source (Ainley et al 2015). Hereinafter, we term the timing of the sequence of ecosystem events initiated by the melting of sea ice the spring phenology.…”

Section: Open Pen Access Ccessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krill is a dominant prey item for Antarctic petrels during the breeding season (Lorentsen et al 1998), and as a surface-feeding predator, we expect the Antarctic petrel to be especially sensitive to changes in the vertical distribution of krill. Because we expect krill to descend to deeper waters as the season progresses (Ainley et al 2015), we would expect Antarctic petrels to increase their search effort in areas at an early phenological stage, i.e. around the ice melt.…”

Section: Open Pen Access Ccessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Spring phenology shapes the spatial foraging behavior of Antarctic petrels

Fauchald¹,

Tarroux²,

Tveraa³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Pen Access Ccessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Pen Access Ccessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spring phenology shapes the spatial foraging behavior of Antarctic petrels

Fauchald¹,

Tarroux²,

Tveraa³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The variation in biomass is likely due to differences in bottom-up processes (recruitment from off-shelf areas, ice cover, primary production) and topdown predation in different regions and seasons (Ainley et al, 2006(Ainley et al, , 2015Ainley, 2007;Deibel and Daly, 2007). In East Antarctica, krill populations increase in years when sea-ice cover expands and extends farther north (Nicol et al, 2000).…”

Section: Impacts Of Advection On Zooplankton In the Antarcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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Climate change impacts on southern Ross Sea phytoplankton composition, productivity, and export

et al. 2017

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The Ross Sea, a highly productive region of the Southern Ocean, is expected to experience warming during the next century along with reduced summer sea ice concentrations and shallower mixed layers. This study investigates how these climatic changes may alter phytoplankton assemblage composition, primary productivity, and export. Glider measurements are used to force a one‐dimensional biogeochemical model, which includes diatoms and both solitary and colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica. Model performance is evaluated with glider observations, and experiments are conducted using projections of physical drivers for mid‐21st and late‐21st century. These scenarios reveal a 5% increase in primary productivity by midcentury and 14% by late‐century and a proportional increase in carbon export, which remains approximately 18% of primary production. In addition, scenario results indicate diatom biomass increases while P. antarctica biomass decreases in the first half of the 21st century. In the second half of the century, diatom biomass remains relatively constant and P. antarctica biomass increases. Additional scenarios examining the independent contributions of expected future changes (temperature, mixed layer depth, irradiance, and surface iron inputs from melting ice) demonstrate that earlier availability of low light due to reduction of sea ice early in the growing season is the primary driver of productivity increases over the next century; shallower mixed layer depths additionally contribute to changes of assemblage composition and export. This study further demonstrates how glider data can be effectively used to facilitate model development and simulation, and inform interpretation of biogeochemical observations in the context of climate change.

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Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited

Cited by 71 publications

References 87 publications

Spring phenology shapes the spatial foraging behavior of Antarctic petrels

Spring phenology shapes the spatial foraging behavior of Antarctic petrels

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Climate change impacts on southern Ross Sea phytoplankton composition, productivity, and export

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