Trophic analysis and parasitological aspects of Liolaemus parvus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) in the Central Andes of Argentina

Castillo, Gabriel; Acosta, Juan Carlos; Blanco, Graciela

doi:10.3906/zoo-1812-33

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…and Tropidurus spp. (Ramallo et al 2002, Goldberg et al 2004, Castillo et al 2018, Castillo et al 2019d. Parapharyngodon riojensis is very common in reptiles of the San Juan province (Castillo & Acosta 2019, Castillo et al 2019d.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina

Castillo

Acosta

González-Rivas

et al. 2020

Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung.

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Nematodes are little known in the Argentine herpetofauna. In order to increase and contribute to the knowledge of parasitism in reptiles, we studied nematodes found in three species of lizards (Aurivela longicauda, Liolaemus darwinii, and Liolaemus riojanus) and one species of snake (Philodryas trilineata) from the Monte desert of center-west Argentina. We registered generalist nematodes common of the herpetofauna that belonged to two taxa: Physaloptera sp. (Physalopteridae) (larvae and adults specimens) and Parapharyngodon riojensis (Pharyngodonidae) (adults specimens). Liolaemus darwinii had low prevalence of nematodes (30%) and a mean intensity of 1.3±0.4 (1-2). The lizard A. longicauda had higher parasitic diversity with medium prevalence (50 and 12.5%) and mean intensities of 1.3±0.4 (1-2) corresponding to adult stages of Physaloptera sp. and Parapharyngodon riojensis. Due to the low number of studied specimens, precise conclusions cannot be drawn for Liolaemus riojanus and P. trilineata. The four reptile species correspond to new host records from Argentina, and the information provided contributes to the knowledge of endoparasitism in reptiles of the Argentine Monte region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina

Castillo

Acosta

González-Rivas

et al. 2020

Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung.

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Evolutionary transitions in diet influence the exceptional diversification of a lizard adaptive radiation

et al. 2022

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Background Diet is a key component of a species ecological niche and plays critical roles in guiding the trajectories of evolutionary change. Previous studies suggest that dietary evolution can influence the rates and patterns of species diversification, with omnivorous (animal and plant, ‘generalist’) diets slowing down diversification compared to more restricted (‘specialist’) herbivorous and carnivorous diets. This hypothesis, here termed the “dietary macroevolutionary sink” hypothesis (DMS), predicts that transitions to omnivorous diets occur at higher rates than into any specialist diet, and omnivores are expected to have the lowest diversification rates, causing an evolutionary sink into a single type of diet. However, evidence for the DMS hypothesis remains conflicting. Here, we present the first test of the DMS hypothesis in a lineage of ectothermic tetrapods—the prolific Liolaemidae lizard radiation from South America. Results Ancestral reconstructions suggest that the stem ancestor was probably insectivorous. The best supported trait model is a diet-dependent speciation rate, with independent extinction rates. Herbivory has the highest net diversification rate, omnivory ranks second, and insectivory has the lowest. The extinction rate is the same for all three diet types and is much lower than the speciation rates. The highest transition rate was from omnivory to insectivory, and the lowest transition rates were between insectivory and herbivory. Conclusions Our findings challenge the core prediction of the DMS hypothesis that generalist diets represent an ‘evolutionary sink’. Interestingly, liolaemid lizards have rapidly and successfully proliferated across some of the world’s coldest climates (at high elevations and latitudes), where species have evolved mixed arthropod-plant (omnivore) or predominantly herbivore diets. This longstanding observation is consistent with the higher net diversification rates found in both herbivory and omnivory. Collectively, just like the evolution of viviparity has been regarded as a ‘key adaptation’ during the liolaemid radiation across cold climates, our findings suggest that transitions from insectivory to herbivory (bridged by omnivory) are likely to have played a role as an additional key adaptation underlying the exceptional diversification of these reptiles across extreme climates.

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El rol del sexo en la estructura de la población de nematodes en una especie de anfibio del Monte de Argentina

Castillo

González-Rivas²,

Acosta

2021

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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RESUMEN Diversos estudios comparativos han demostrado que los hospedadores machos no sólo podrían albergar más parásitos que las hembras, sino también tener un rol en la estructura de la población de nematodes. Debido a esto, debatimos la función que tiene el sexo en el parasitismo en una población de anfibios en un sector del monte. Analizamos el contenido gastrointestinal en busca de endoparásitos de 43 ejemplares de Pleurodema nebulosum (Burmeister, 1861), 38 adultos (26 machos y 12 hembras) y 5 juveniles. Nuestros resultados indicaron que únicamente machos se encontraban parasitados asociado con una curva correspondiente a un modelo parasitismo/ rango - edad tipo III. Aplectana nebulosa Piñeiro-Gómez, González & Sanabria, 2017 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) presenta un patrón de distribución agregado ajustado a un modelo Poisson. Pleurodema nebulosum (Anura: Leptodactylidae) es oportunista para reproducirse en periodos de lluvia, debido a esto nosotros proponemos como hipótesis que el momento de infección por nematodes probablemente ocurra durante estos cortos periodos en lagunas temporales formadas. El parasitismo en machos podría estar relacionado a factores hormonales debido al periodo reproductivo. Por lo tanto el sexo sería un factor importante en la estructuración de las poblaciones parásitas de esta especie de anfibio.

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Trophic analysis and parasitological aspects of Liolaemus parvus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) in the Central Andes of Argentina

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina

Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina

Evolutionary transitions in diet influence the exceptional diversification of a lizard adaptive radiation

El rol del sexo en la estructura de la población de nematodes en una especie de anfibio del Monte de Argentina

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