Trojans in Oral Environments: Evidence of Molecular Mimicry in Oral Immunity

Obando-Pereda, Gustavo Alberto

doi:10.5772/intechopen.75747

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Studies have shown that it has a 6 amino acid similarity to the Prevotella denticola protein containing the VWA domain. Another example would be the small 70 kDa nuclear ribonucleoprotein, which is also an autoantigen involved in SLE, which has a 7 amino acid similarity to Bacillus cereus [ 110 ]. Oral bacteria can also be involved in the development of diabetes by using molecular mimicry as one way to avoid the immune response.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Autoimmunity Caused By Dysbiotic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armed to the Teeth—The Oral Mucosa Immunity System and Microbiota

Ptasiewicz

Grywalska

Mertowska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The oral cavity is inhabited by a wide spectrum of microbial species, and their colonization is mostly based on commensalism. These microbes are part of the normal oral flora, but there are also opportunistic species that can cause oral and systemic diseases. Although there is a strong exposure to various microorganisms, the oral mucosa reduces the colonization of microorganisms with high rotation and secretion of various types of cytokines and antimicrobial proteins such as defensins. In some circumstances, the imbalance between normal oral flora and pathogenic flora may lead to a change in the ratio of commensalism to parasitism. Healthy oral mucosa has many important functions. Thanks to its integrity, it is impermeable to most microorganisms and constitutes a mechanical barrier against their penetration into tissues. Our study aims to present the role and composition of the oral cavity microbiota as well as defense mechanisms within the oral mucosa which allow for maintaining a balance between such numerous species of microorganisms. We highlight the specific aspects of the oral mucosa protecting barrier and discuss up-to-date information on the immune cell system that ensures microbiota balance. This study presents the latest data on specific tissue stimuli in the regulation of the immune system with particular emphasis on the resistance of the gingival barrier. Despite advances in understanding the mechanisms regulating the balance on the microorganism/host axis, more research is still needed on how the combination of these diverse signals is involved in the regulation of immunity at the oral mucosa barrier.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Autoimmunity Caused By Dysbiotic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armed to the Teeth—The Oral Mucosa Immunity System and Microbiota

Ptasiewicz

Grywalska

Mertowska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…For instance, the epitopes of P. denticola and Bacillus cereus have a high degree of similarity with the self-autoantigen Ro 60KDa, which is often detected in SLE and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). In addition, P. gingivalis, Streptococcus spp ., and F. nucleatum have similar epitopes as the self-autoantigen pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 (PDC-E2), which is the possible mechanism underlying the initiation and progression of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) [ 113 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oral microbiome in autoimmune diseases: friend or foe?

Huang

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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The human body is colonized by abundant and diverse microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome. The oral cavity has more than 700 species of bacteria and consists of unique microbiome niches on mucosal surfaces, on tooth hard tissue, and in saliva. The homeostatic balance between the oral microbiota and the immune system plays an indispensable role in maintaining the well-being and health status of the human host. Growing evidence has demonstrated that oral microbiota dysbiosis is actively involved in regulating the initiation and progression of an array of autoimmune diseases.Oral microbiota dysbiosis is driven by multiple factors, such as host genetic factors, dietary habits, stress, smoking, administration of antibiotics, tissue injury and infection. The dysregulation in the oral microbiome plays a crucial role in triggering and promoting autoimmune diseases via several mechanisms, including microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, autoantigen overproduction, and amplification of autoimmune responses by cytokines. Good oral hygiene behaviors, low carbohydrate diets, healthy lifestyles, usage of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, oral microbiota transplantation and nanomedicine-based therapeutics are promising avenues for maintaining a balanced oral microbiome and treating oral microbiota-mediated autoimmune diseases. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota dysbiosis and autoimmune diseases is critical for providing novel insights into the development of oral microbiota-based therapeutic approaches for combating these refractory diseases.

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