Trojan Horse macrophages: studies with the murine lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus and implications for sexually transmitted virus infection

Cafruny, William A.; Bradley, Sarahann

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-77-12-3005

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The involvement of cell trafficking from the mother to the fetus has been previously proposed for congenital HIV [63] and LDV [64] infection. In case of PRRSV infection, this hypothesis gains support from several lines of evidence.…”

Section: Prrsv Infection In the Conceptusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and prevention of placental and transplacental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Karniychuk

Nauwynck

2013

Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-induced reproductive problems are characterized by embryonic death, late-term abortions, early farrowing and increase in number of dead and mummified fetuses, and weak-born piglets. The virus recovery from fetal tissues illustrates transplacental infection, but despite many studies on the subject, the means by which PRRSV spreads from mother to fetus and the exact pathophysiological basis of the virus-induced reproductive failure remain unexplained. Recent findings from our group indicate that the endometrium and placenta are involved in the PRRSV passage from mother to fetus and that virus replication in the endometrial/placental tissues can be the actual reason for fetal death. The main purpose of this review is to clarify the role that PRRSV replication and PRRSV-induced changes in the endometrium/placenta play in the pathogenesis of PRRSV-induced reproductive failure in pregnant sows. In addition, strategies to control placental and transplacental PRRSV infection are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Prrsv Infection In the Conceptusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and prevention of placental and transplacental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Karniychuk

Nauwynck

2013

Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After productive replication on the maternal side, the virus crosses the placenta and productively infects the fetus. The mechanism of transplacental infection is unknown, but could be similar to the infected "Trojan Horse" macrophage, described for LDV (Cafruny and Bradley, 1996). Since the pig fetus becomes immunocompetent at about 70 days of gestation, PRRSV infection occurs in an immune environment containing functional B and T cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between PRRSV and the late gestation pig fetus

Rowland

2010

Virus Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) crosses the placenta during late gestation and productively infects the fetus. Virus replication and cytokine responses were measured in tissues of fetuses recovered at 109-112 days of gestation, just prior to parturition. At the time of recovery, gross anatomical abnormalities were evident in both infected and non-infected fetuses from the infected dams. Virus isolation and immunohistochemistry identified the thymus as the primary site of virus replication. Steady state RT-PCR amplification of inflammatory, Th1 and Th2 cytokines, showed elevated IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNAs in tissues from infected fetuses, which corresponded to elevated cytokine proteins in serum but not amniotic fluid. Further evidence for induction of immunity was found in the hyperplastic response of lymph nodes, which included the development of germinal centers occupied CDw75+ B cells. Collectively, these data support the notion that the immunocompetent fetus is capable of initiating an antiviral response, which is compartmentalized within the infected fetus. Furthermore, fetal pathology may not be a direct result of virus replication in the fetus.

show abstract

“…The presence of PRRSV antigen-positive cells and PRRSV RNA-positive cells in degenerating follicles suggests that phagocytic macrophages in the ovary may deliver virus for subsequent infection of neighboring nonmacrophages, such as granulosa cells, by a ''Trojan horse'' mechanism, as has reported for the macrophage-tropic arteriviruses such as LDV 6 and PRRSV. 3 The localization of PRRSV antigen in ovarian tissues was most abundant in the cytoplasm of macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Evidence for the Localization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Antigen and RNA in Ovarian Follicles in Gilts

Sur

Doster²,

Galeota

et al. 2001

Vet Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in ovary was studied in sexually mature, cycling, nonsynchronized gilts infected with the PRRSV 16244B, a virulent field strain. Previous studies have shown that PRRSV can be isolated from ovaries and is transplacentally passed from gilts to the fetuses. The cause of infertility following PRRSV infection is not known. In this study, we identified the tropism of PRRSV in ovarian tissue from experimentally infected gilts in samples collected between 7 and 21 days postinfection (DPI). Tissues were collected and examined by virus isolation, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and double labeling to identify PRRSV-infected cell types. PRRSV was isolated in ovarian follicles at 7 days DPI. The IHC and ISH indicated that PRRSV-positive cells in ovaries were predominantly macrophages, which were numerous in atretic follicles. No evidence of infection and/or perpetuation of PRRSV in ova was observed, indicating that the female gonad is an unlikely site of persistence. No alteration of the normal ovarian architecture that would support a possible role of PRRSV infection in porcine female infertility was observed.

show abstract

Trojan Horse macrophages: studies with the murine lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus and implications for sexually transmitted virus infection

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Pathogenesis and prevention of placental and transplacental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Pathogenesis and prevention of placental and transplacental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

The interaction between PRRSV and the late gestation pig fetus

Evidence for the Localization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Antigen and RNA in Ovarian Follicles in Gilts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About