tRNA Modifications: Impact on Structure and Thermal Adaptation

Lorenz, Christian D.; Lünse, Christina E.; Mörl, Mario

doi:10.3390/biom7020035

Cited by 265 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(291 reference statements)

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“…For example, snRNA modifications, like base methylations, 2′‐O‐methylation, and pseudouridylation, play an important role in spliceosome assembly and regulate splicing efficiency (Bohnsack & Sloan, ; Kiss, ). tRNAs are the most modified RNAs, often by deamination to inosine, various forms of methylation and acetylation (Gogakos et al, ; Lorenz, Lunse, & Morl, ). Modification of tRNA affects folding, stability and function including the decoding of the wobble position and frameshifting (El Yacoubi, Bailly, & de Crecy‐Lagard, ; Lorenz et al, ; Nachtergaele & He, ).…”

Section: Mncrna Structure and Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cellular landscape of mid‐size noncoding RNA

et al. 2019

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Noncoding RNA plays an important role in all aspects of the cellular life cycle, from the very basic process of protein synthesis to specialized roles in cell development and differentiation. However, many noncoding RNAs remain uncharacterized and the function of most of them remains unknown. Mid‐size noncoding RNAs (mncRNAs), which range in length from 50 to 400 nucleotides, have diverse regulatory functions but share many fundamental characteristics. Most mncRNAs are produced from independent promoters although others are produced from the introns of other genes. Many are found in multiple copies in genomes. mncRNAs are highly structured and carry many posttranscriptional modifications. Both of these facets dictate their RNA‐binding protein partners and ultimately their function. mncRNAs have already been implicated in translation, catalysis, as guides for RNA modification, as spliceosome components and regulatory RNA. However, recent studies are adding new mncRNA functions including regulation of gene expression and alternative splicing. In this review, we describe the different classes, characteristics and emerging functions of mncRNAs and their relative expression patterns. Finally, we provide a portrait of the challenges facing their detection and annotation in databases. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution

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Section: Mncrna Structure and Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cellular landscape of mid‐size noncoding RNA

et al. 2019

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“…Posttranscriptionally modified nucleosides of tRNAs were shown to modulate their tertiary structure, stability, and coding properties. The tRNA populations of hyperthermophilic archaea were found to be heavily chemically modified, and highly diverse populations of nucleoside modifications were identified via mass spectrometry . Modifications have been mapped for 34 tRNAs of M. jannaschii , revealing several modifications that are unique to archaea and proposed to stabilize the structure of tRNAs or its anticodon–codon interactions .…”

Section: Rna Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA stabilization in hyperthermophilic archaea

Gomes-Filho

Randau

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Analyses of the RNA metabolism of hyperthermophilic archaea highlight the efficiency of regulatory RNAs and RNA‐guided processes at extreme temperatures. These organisms must overcome the intrinsic thermolability of RNAs. Elevated levels of RNA modifications and structured GC‐rich regions are observed for many universal noncoding RNA families. Guide RNAs are often protected from degradation by their presence within ribonucleoprotein complexes. Modification and ligation of RNA termini can be employed to impair exonucleolytic degradation. Finally, antisense strand transcription promotes the formation of RNA duplexes and can be used to stabilize RNA regions. In our review, we provide examples of these RNA stabilization mechanisms that have been observed in hyperthermophilic archaeal model organisms.

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“…Modified bases in the anticodon‐loop indeed reinforce its U‐turn anticodon‐loop structure. Modifications at positions 32 and especially 37 prevent formations of base pairs between nucleosides 32–38 and 33–37, thereby enabling canonical anticodon‐loop folding .…”

Section: Prior Modifications In Trna Can Influence the Introduction Omentioning

confidence: 99%

To be or not to be modified: Miscellaneous aspects influencing nucleotide modifications in tRNAs

Barraud

Tisné

2019

IUBMB Life

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Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are essential components of the cellular protein synthesis machineries, but are also implicated in many roles outside translation. To become functional, tRNAs, initially transcribed as longer precursor tRNAs, undergo a tightly controlled biogenesis process comprising the maturation of their extremities, removal of intronic sequences if present, addition of the 3′‐CCA amino‐acid accepting sequence, and aminoacylation. In addition, the most impressive feature of tRNA biogenesis consists in the incorporation of a large number of posttranscriptional chemical modifications along its sequence. The chemical nature of these modifications is highly diverse, with more than hundred different modifications identified in tRNAs to date. All functions of tRNAs in cells are controlled and modulated by modifications, making the understanding of the mechanisms that determine and influence nucleotide modifications in tRNAs an essential point in tRNA biology. This review describes the different aspects that determine whether a certain position in a tRNA molecule is modified or not. We describe how sequence and structural determinants, as well as the presence of prior modifications control modification processes. We also describe how environmental factors and cellular stresses influence the level and/or the nature of certain modifications introduced in tRNAs, and report situations where these dynamic modulations of tRNA modification levels are regulated by active demodification processes. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1126–1140, 2019

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tRNA Modifications: Impact on Structure and Thermal Adaptation

Cited by 265 publications

References 208 publications

The cellular landscape of mid‐size noncoding RNA

The cellular landscape of mid‐size noncoding RNA

RNA stabilization in hyperthermophilic archaea

To be or not to be modified: Miscellaneous aspects influencing nucleotide modifications in tRNAs

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