tRNA Derived smallRNAs: smallRNAs Repertoire Has Yet to Be Decoded in Plants

Sablok, Gaurav; Yang, Kun; Chen, Rui; Wen, Xiaopeng

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01167

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…, 2019). In plants, tRNA‐derived fragments have been suggested in recent years to be involved in fine‐tuning of gene expression during abiotic and biotic stresses (Asha and Soniya, 2016; Sablok et al , 2017; Park and Kim, 2018; Soprano et al , 2018). If LE is involved in tRNA cleavage, its down‐regulation may affect pathogen susceptibility via modulation of gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato T2 ribonuclease LE is involved in the response to pathogens

Singh

Paz

Kutsher

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Molecular Plant Pathology. 2020;21:895-906. | 895 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mpp 1 | INTRODUC TI ON Ribonucleases (RNases) are RNA-degrading enzymes that are widespread among many different organisms and function in various cellular processes, mostly via RNA catabolism. Among them, the transferase-type RNases are a family of enzymes that catalyse the cleavage of single-stranded RNA through a 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate intermediate, producing mono-or oligonucleotides (Deshpande and Shankar, 2002). These RNases have been classified based on their distribution, pH, and base specificity into three different families:This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. AbstractT2 ribonucleases (RNases) are RNA-degrading enzymes that function in various cellular processes, mostly via RNA metabolism. T2 RNase-encoding genes have been identified in various organisms, from bacteria to mammals, and are most diverse in plants. The existence of T2 RNase genes in almost every organism suggests an important biological function that has been conserved through evolution. In plants, T2 RNases are suggested to be involved in phosphate scavenging and recycling, and are implicated in defence responses to pathogens. We investigated the function of the tomato T2 RNase LE, known to be induced by phosphate deficiency and wounding. The possible involvement of LE in pathogen responses was examined. Expression analysis showed LE induction during fungal infection and by stimuli known to be associated with pathogen inoculation, including oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis of LE-suppressed transgenic tomato lines revealed higher susceptibility to oxalic acid, a cell death-inducing factor, compared to the wild type. This elevated sensitivity of LE-suppressed lines was evidenced by visual signs of necrosis, and increased ion leakage and reactive oxygen species levels, indicating acceleration of cell death. Challenge of the LE-suppressed lines with the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea resulted in accelerated development of disease symptoms compared to the wild type, associated with suppressed expression of pathogenesis-related marker genes. The results suggest a role for plant endogenous T2 RNases in antifungal activity. K E Y W O R D S Botrytis cinerea, pathogenesis, RNase LE, T2 ribonuclease, tomato

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato T2 ribonuclease LE is involved in the response to pathogens

Singh

Paz

Kutsher

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…The tRNA-derived sRNA was observed to match with the antisense strand of chloroplast genome-encoded 50s rRNA, which further supports the possibility of ncRNA-mediated regulation of chloroplast-generated transcripts. Recently, many ncRNAs deriving from tRNA with potential roles especially during stress conditions have been explored widely in various biological systems [ 74 , 75 , 76 ]. In Arabidopsis thaliana , 19–26 nt-long plastid tRNA-derived ncRNAs (plastid tRNA fragments) were detected through sRNA deep sequencing.…”

Section: Noncoding Rnas In Chloroplasts As a Prospective Regulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions

Anand¹,

Pandi²

2021

Life

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Regulation of gene expression in any biological system is a complex process with many checkpoints at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. The control mechanism is mediated by various protein factors, secondary metabolites and a newly included regulatory member, i.e., noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). It is known that ncRNAs modulate the mRNA or protein profiles of the cell depending on the degree of complementary and context of the microenvironment. In plants, ncRNAs are essential for growth and development in normal conditions by controlling various gene expressions and have emerged as a key player to guard plants during adverse conditions. In order to have smooth functioning of the plants under any environmental pressure, two very important DNA-harboring semi-autonomous organelles, namely, chloroplasts and mitochondria, are considered as main players. These organelles conduct the most crucial metabolic pathways that are required to maintain cell homeostasis. Thus, it is imperative to explore and envisage the molecular machineries responsible for gene regulation within the organelles and their coordination with nuclear transcripts. Therefore, the present review mainly focuses on ncRNAs origination and their gene regulation in chloroplasts and plant mitochondria.

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“…Highlighting the versatility of the tRNA fold, other functions have also been described. For example, tRNA‐derived small RNAs have been shown to regulate gene expression and suppress transposable elements in eukaryotes . In addition, tRNAs are considered as a relevant component in transgenerational inheritance through germline cells (see below).…”

Section: The Evolutionary Tree Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

What viruses tell us about evolution and immunity: beyond Darwin?

Broecker

Moelling

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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We describe mechanisms of genetic innovation mediated by viruses and related elements that, during evolution, caused major genetic changes beyond what was anticipated by Charles Darwin. Viruses and related elements introduced genetic information and have shaped the genomes and immune systems of all cellular life forms. None of these mechanisms contradict Darwin's theory of evolution but extend it by means of sequence information that has recently become available. Not only do small increments of genetic information contribute to evolution, but also do major events such as infection by viruses or bacteria, which can supply new genetic information to a host by horizontal gene transfer. Thereby, viruses and virus‐like elements act as major drivers of evolution.

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tRNA Derived smallRNAs: smallRNAs Repertoire Has Yet to Be Decoded in Plants

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Tomato T2 ribonuclease LE is involved in the response to pathogens

Tomato T2 ribonuclease LE is involved in the response to pathogens

Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions

What viruses tell us about evolution and immunity: beyond Darwin?

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