Triumvirate Presentation and Treatment of Psoriasis in the Setting of HIV and Treponema pallidum Infection

Abstract

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks healthy skin cells, causing the accelerated formation of new skin characterized by scaly patches or plaques. These lesions are formed due to the formation of new skin underneath dead skin that has yet to be shed. Although the cause of psoriasis is not completely understood, it has been associated with infections that may trigger or exacerbate the condition. Syphilis, a highly infectious sexually transmitted disease, may trigger a psoriasis outbreak; because syphilis is known as "the great imitator", it can present as many other chronic dermatoses and therefore often makes it very difficult to diagnose. Here, we describe a case of a 17-year-old Vietnamese male from Dong Nai Province who was initially diagnosed with psoriasis and later diagnosed with syphilis and HIV infection upon further investigation and testing.

Pilihan Pengobatan pada Pasien Psoriasis dengan HIV: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematik

“…Setelah penghentian terapi kombinasi lalu melanjutkan dengan terapi biologi monoterapi dosis tunggal menunjukkan adanya perubahan signifikan, setelah itu terapi rumatan menggunakan kombinasi dilanjutkan dan memberikan efek terapi rumatan yang signifikan setelah beberapa bulan (Catherine G, 2020). Sumber: Kidron., et al 2022;Cook, et al 2022 Sementara itu, kasus lain dengan jumlah CD4+ 187 sel/mm 3 , TPHA positif, dan riwayat psoriasis baru 9 bulan menunjukkan perubahan signifikan selama 1 minggu dengan penggunaan acitretin, topikal kortikosteroid, vitamin D, topikal asam salisilat dan Penicilin G. Benzathine 2.4 juta unit, bahkan sebelum pasien diberikan terapi ART. (Cook, 2022)…”

“…Pasien kemudian diketahui terinfeksi HIV dan sifilis. Setelah pasien mendapatkan terapi kombinasi Psoriasis bersamaan dengan HAART dan Penicilin G. Benzathine 2.4 juta unit, perubahan lesi plak eritem dan skuama membaik (Kidron, Ariel., Nguyen, Hiep., 2022).…”

Phenothiazines: Nrf2 activation and antioxidant effects

“…Phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives are a class of heterocyclic compounds possessing a tricyclic PTZ structure in which the central ring contains nitrogen and sulfur atoms [ 1,2 ] (Figure 1). These class of molecules have demonstrated to possess antipsychotic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti‐Alzheimers activities as well as to be potential antioxidant agents.…”