Tritium release from Zircaloy-2: Dependence on temperature, surface conditions and composition of surrounding medium

Kunz, Willfried; Münzel, H.; Kunz, Ulrike

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(85)90026-1

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Table 1 lists the activation energy, the frequency, the diffusion constant, and the diffusion coefficient at 600 K for each path. Reported experimental activation energies lie in the range 17-150 kJ/mol [9][10][11][12]. The calculated activation energies for the three paths are about 200 kJ/mol, which is considerably higher than the experimental values.…”

Section: Hydrogen Diffusion In Monoclinic Zirconium Oxidementioning

confidence: 79%

“…There has been considerable research about the oxide layer including its microstructure [1][2][3], crystallographic structure [4,5], stress distribution [6][7][8], and hydrogen diffusivity [9][10][11][12]. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that oxide layers near metal/oxide interfaces include tetragonal zirconium oxide [4,5], which is metastable at the cladding temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6 shows the temperature dependence of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient. The solid and dashed lines indicate experimental values [9][10][11]14] and the present calculated results, respectively. The calculated diffusion coefficient for the monoclinic structure is much lower than experimental values due to the high activation energy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ab initio study of hydrogen diffusion in zirconium oxide

Muta

Etoh

Ohishi

et al. 2012

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Hydrogen diffusion in monoclinic and tetragonal zirconium oxides has been studied by electronic state calculations. In both structures, the optimized hydrogen site lies near the center of a distorted fluorite structure. The activation energy was calculated to be 120-200 kJ/mol, which is similar to experimentally measured values. The effects of compressive stress, alloying elements, and oxygen defects are considered individually. Compressive stress reduces the hydrogen diffusion coefficient by 40%/GPa. Oxygen defects and substituted Fe and Cr are thought to act as trapping sites for hydrogen, which probably reduces hydrogen diffusion in zirconium oxide.

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Section: Hydrogen Diffusion In Monoclinic Zirconium Oxidementioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ab initio study of hydrogen diffusion in zirconium oxide

Muta

Etoh

Ohishi

et al. 2012

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…Juncoated is the flux through an uncoated tube and Jcoated is the flux through a barrier-coated tube, when the driving force for permeation, i.e., the pressure difference across the tube, is the same in both cases, lt appears that orderof-magnitude effects in permeation resistance must be attributed to either chemical effects or a low-coating diffusivity (Guthrie 1989). A more rigorous treatment of permeation through a coated material can be found in Guthrie (1989) and Kunz et al (1985). 3.…”

Section: Termsand Equations Fortritium Permeationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the behavior of a light-water production reactor target rod

Sherwood¹

1992

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Thts report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United StatesGovernment. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their' employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, oi' assumesany legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents lhat its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommenda:ion, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-ACO6-76RL O 1830

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“…Irrespective of the process, absorption or desorption, hydrogen has to diffuse through the oxide layer towards the metal or the surface of the cladding. It was usually assumed that the diffusion process through the oxide layer was the rate-limiting step of hydrogen pick-up or of the desorption [9,10]. However, some researchers considered that hydrogen pick-up is controlled by the migration of hydrogen under an electric field built in the oxide layer [11].…”

Section: Iintroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%