Tritium biology in Japan: A search for a new approach

Radiometric techniques for the detection and assessment of tritium in aqueous media - a review

“…Advances in cellular biology, genetics and our understanding of cellular mutations, have increased discussion on the applicability of the use of the LNT model for low dose exposure, such as those commonly received when exposed to tritium [21], [25]. Based on the changing perception of the LNT at low doses and the imminent discharge of significant volumes of HTO from the Fukushima site, researchers have begun to focus on the issue and develop hypersensitive assay systems allow investigators to make estimates of the risks accruing from very low-level HTO exposures [26].…”

Impact of the Fukushima Accident on 3H and 14C Environmental Levels: A Review of Ten Years of Investigation

“…Anthropogenic and natural radiocarbon can be reliably distinguished one from another [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], which may be important for different studies, exploiting 14 C as a tracer [ 28 ]. From a radiotoxicity point of view, radiocarbon could be relevant because it is contained in all of the organic molecules of living organisms, including DNA, which is susceptible to unrepairable breaks and mutations caused by ionizing radiation [ 29 , 30 ], though the energy of the beta particles it emits is not very high (156 keV). In environmental sciences, the 14 C concentration is usually given as Δ 14 C (‰) which represents an excess of radiocarbon content relative to a standard [ 31 ].…”