Triterpenoids

Connolly, Joseph D.; Hill, Robert A.

doi:10.1039/b718038c

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 401 publications

(219 reference statements)

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“…These compounds consist of six isoprene units and can be isolated from many different plant sources. They occur in countless variations and can be subclassified into several groups including squalenes, lanostanes, dammaranes, lupanes, oleananes, ursanes, hopanes, cycloartanes, friedelanes, cucurbitacins, and miscellaneous compounds [12,13]. Many of them or their synthetic derivatives are currently being investigated as medicinal products for various diseases, including cancer.…”

Section: Triterpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betulinic acid, a natural compound with potent anticancer effects

Mullauer

Kessler²,

Medema³

2010

Anti-Cancer Drugs

171

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New therapies using novel mechanisms to induce tumor cell death are needed with plants playing a crucial role as a source for potential anticancer compounds. One highly promising class of natural compounds are the triterpenoids with betulinic acid (BetA) as the most prominent representative. In-vitro studies have identified this agent as potently effective against a wide variety of cancer cells, also those derived from therapy-resistant and refractory tumors, whereas it has been found to be relatively nontoxic for healthy cells. In-vivo preclinically applied BetA showed some remarkable anticancer effects and a complete absence of systemic toxicity in rodents. BetA also cooperated with other therapies to induce tumor cell death and several potent derivatives have been discovered. Its antitumor activity has been related to its direct effects on mitochondria where it induces Bax/Bak-independent cytochrome-c release.

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Section: Triterpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betulinic acid, a natural compound with potent anticancer effects

Mullauer

Kessler²,

Medema³

2010

Anti-Cancer Drugs

171

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“…Hence, a comprehensive medicinal chemistry tools and analysis methodology are employed herein to assess the various limonin biosynthetic products. Degraded limonoids (e.g., isobenzofuranones sharing structural features with limonoids [91]) and other tetranortriterpenoids extracted from different genera and/or not belonging to the limonin biosynthetic group will not be considered and hence readers are rather directed to relevant recent reviews [15,37,[92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101].…”

Section: Medicinal Chemistry Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

et al. 2016

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Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid secondary metabolites found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. Represented by limonin, the aglycones and glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and insecticidal among others. In this review, the chemistry and pharmacology of CLs are systematically scrutinised through the use of medicinal chemistry tools and structure-activity relationship approach. Synthetic derivatives and other structurally-related limonoids from other sources are include in the analysis. With the focus on literature in the past decade, the chemical classification of CLs, their physico-chemical properties as drugs, their biosynthesis and enzymatic modifications, possible ways of enhancing their biological activities through structural modifications, their ligand efficiency metrics and systematic graphical radar plot analysis to assess their developability as drugs are among those discussed in detail.

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“…the glucosides (derivatives of 3-O-monoglucoside) and the glucuronides (derivatives of 3-O-monoglucuronide). Glucosidoesters and compounds containing other substitutions are also ubiquitous in the plant kingdom [6]. OA and UA are constituents of medicinal herbs and also form an integral part of the human diet [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids and their derivatives

et al. 2010

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Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing at an alarming rate and many commonly used antibiotics are no longer effective.Thus, there is considerable interest in investigating novel antibacterial compounds, such as the plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoids, including oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA) and their derivatives. These compounds can be isolated from many medicinal and crop plants and their antibacterial, antiviral, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory effects are well documented. OA and UA are active against many bacterial species, particularly Gram-positive species, including mycobacteria. They inhibit bacterial growth and survival, and the spectrum of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values is very broad. In addition, OA, UA and their derivatives display potent antimutagenic activity. Studies to identify the cellular targets and molecular mechanisms of OA and UA action were initiated a few years ago and it has already been demonstrated that both acids influence bacterial gene expression, the formation and maintenance of biofilms, cell autolysis and peptidoglycan turnover. Before these compounds can be used clinically as antimicrobial agents, further extensive studies are required to determine their cytotoxicity and the optimum mode of their application.

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Triterpenoids

Cited by 50 publications

References 401 publications

Betulinic acid, a natural compound with potent anticancer effects

Betulinic acid, a natural compound with potent anticancer effects

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

Antibacterial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids and their derivatives

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