Triterpenoids

Connolly, Joseph D.; Hill, Robert A.

doi:10.1039/b808530g

Cited by 95 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 506 publications

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“…Hence, a comprehensive medicinal chemistry tools and analysis methodology are employed herein to assess the various limonin biosynthetic products. Degraded limonoids (e.g., isobenzofuranones sharing structural features with limonoids [91]) and other tetranortriterpenoids extracted from different genera and/or not belonging to the limonin biosynthetic group will not be considered and hence readers are rather directed to relevant recent reviews [15,37,[92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101].…”

Section: Medicinal Chemistry Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

et al. 2016

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Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid secondary metabolites found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. Represented by limonin, the aglycones and glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and insecticidal among others. In this review, the chemistry and pharmacology of CLs are systematically scrutinised through the use of medicinal chemistry tools and structure-activity relationship approach. Synthetic derivatives and other structurally-related limonoids from other sources are include in the analysis. With the focus on literature in the past decade, the chemical classification of CLs, their physico-chemical properties as drugs, their biosynthesis and enzymatic modifications, possible ways of enhancing their biological activities through structural modifications, their ligand efficiency metrics and systematic graphical radar plot analysis to assess their developability as drugs are among those discussed in detail.

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Section: Medicinal Chemistry Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

et al. 2016

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“…One important class of bioactive phytochemicals is triterpenoids, which represent a large family of compounds classified according to the number of isoprene units [3,4]. Triterpenoids are synthesized in plants by cyclization of squalene and are ubiquitously present in nature [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ursolic acid in cancer prevention and treatment: Molecular targets, pharmacokinetics and clinical studies

Shanmugam

Dai

Kumar

et al. 2013

Biochemical Pharmacology

286

205

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“…Triterpenoids are synthesized in plants by cyclization of squalene and are major constituents in medicinal plant decoctions and extracts [10]. To date, approximately 20,000 triterpenoids have been identified from the various parts of medicinal plants [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, among all the terpenoids, pentacyclic triterpenoids are the most potent natural product compounds showing wide ranging anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities and have been extensively studied. Naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids include ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), betulinic acid (BetA), bosewellic acid (BA), Asiatic acid (AA), a-amyrin, celastrol, glycyrrhizin, 18-b-glycyrrhetinic acid, lupeol, escin, madecassic acid, momordin I, platycodon D, pristimerin, saikosaponins, soyasapogenol B, and avicin [10,13] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeted inhibition of tumor proliferation, survival, and metastasis by pentacyclic triterpenoids: Potential role in prevention and therapy of cancer

et al. 2012

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a b s t r a c tOver the last two decades, extensive research on plant-based medicinal compounds has revealed exciting and important pharmacological properties and activities of triterpenoids. Fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses, herbs and medicinal plants are all considered to be biological sources of these triterpenoids, which have attracted great attention especially for their potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Published reports in the past have described the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the various biological activities of triterpenoids which range from inhibition of acute and chronic inflammation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis and metastasis. However systematic analysis of various pharmacological properties of these important classes of compounds has not been done. In this review, we describe in detail the pre-clinical chemopreventive and therapeutic properties of selected triterpenoids that inhibit multiple intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in the initiation, progression and promotion of various cancers. Molecular targets modulated by these triterpenoids comprise, cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen intermediates, oncogenes, inflammatory enzymes such as COX-2, 5-LOX and MMPs, anti-apoptotic proteins, transcription factors such as NF-jB, STAT3, AP-1, CREB, and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor) that regulate tumor cell proliferation, transformation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance and radioresistance. Finally, this review also analyzes the potential role of novel synthetic triterpenoids identified recently which mimic natural triterpenoids in physical and chemical properties and are moving rapidly from bench to bedside research.

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Triterpenoids

Cited by 95 publications

References 506 publications

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

Ursolic acid in cancer prevention and treatment: Molecular targets, pharmacokinetics and clinical studies

Targeted inhibition of tumor proliferation, survival, and metastasis by pentacyclic triterpenoids: Potential role in prevention and therapy of cancer

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