Triterpenoid Saponins from the Genus <i>Camellia</i>

Zhao, Ping; Gao, Da‐Fang; Xu, Min; Z, Shi; Dong, Wang; Yang, Chong‐Ren; Zhang, Yingjun

doi:10.1002/cbdv.201000265

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Further, substituting a monosaccharide with another monosaccharide within the sugar chain can alter the biological activity of a saponin . It is, however, quite difficult to understand fully the structure‐activity relationships of saponins on account of the large structural diversity of these substances (in both the sapogenin and the sugar moiety), even within a single plant species …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of total and individual alfalfa saponins on rumen methane production

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Ten varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were evaluated for saponin content. Two of the most promising varieties were chosen so that their effect on rumen fermentation and methane production could be studied. Initially, four Hohenheim gas tests (HGT) were performed to test the effect of increased levels of total saponin extracted from the two alfalfa cultivars (Kometa and Verko) – either as fresh material or ensiled – on the total bacteria, total protozoa, methane emission, and selected methanogenic population. Afterwards, seven particular saponins were extracted from fresh alfalfa of the Kometa variety and tested in 24 h batch fermentation culture experiments. RESULTS The ensiled forms of both the Verko and Kometa alfalfa varieties seem to be good sources of saponin, capable of reducing methane production (P < 0.05) without negatively affecting the basic fermentation parameters. Of the two evaluated varieties, Kometa was the most effective, and the saponins extracted from its roots 3‐Glc,28‐Glc Ma, medicagenic saponin, and 3‐Glu Ma showed the most evident effect (P = 0.0001). The most promising aerial alfalfa saponin in mitigating methane production was soysaponin I K salt (P = 0.0001). Three mixtures of saponins were tested and all were found to mitigate methane production; however, one mixture (MIX 1) did so only to a very small extent. CONCLUSION Saponins have been observed to have differing effects depending on their source; however, the mode of action of saponins depends on their direct or probable indirect effect on the microorganisms involved in methane production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of total and individual alfalfa saponins on rumen methane production

et al. 2020

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“…either triterpenoid saponins or steroid saponins (Wina et al, 2005) although other classifications exist (Vincken et al, 2007). Main saponins present in quillaja and tea are triterpenoid saponins (Guo et al, 1998; Zhao et al, 2011) while steroid saponins are predominant in yucca (Oleszek et al, 2001). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, substitution of a monosaccharide with another monosaccharide within the sugar chain may change biological activity of saponins (Chwalek et al, 2006). It is however quite difficult to fully understand the structure-activity relationships of saponins due to the large structural diversity of the substances (both the sapogenin and the sugar moiety) even within a single plant species (Guo et al, 1998; Oleszek et al, 2001; Zhao et al, 2011). It has to be noted as well that what is compared in the present meta-analysis study is various saponin-rich sources or saponin-containing plants, not the purified form of saponins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis on Methane Mitigating Properties of Saponin-rich Sources in the Rumen: Influence of Addition Levels and Plant Sources

Jayanegara

Wina²,

Takahashi

2014

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

107

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Saponins have been considered as promising natural substances for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants. However, studies reported that addition of saponin-rich sources often arrived at contrasting results, i.e. either it decreased methane or it did not. The aim of the present study was to assess ruminal methane emissions through a meta-analytical approach of integrating related studies from published papers which described various levels of different saponin-rich sources being added to ruminant feed. A database was constructed from published literature reporting the addition of saponin-rich sources at various levels and then monitoring ruminal methane emissions in vitro. Accordingly, levels of saponin-rich source additions as well as different saponin sources were specified in the database. Apart from methane, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in the database, i.e. organic matter digestibility, gas production, pH, ammonia concentration, short-chain fatty acid profiles and protozoal count. A total of 23 studies comprised of 89 data points met the inclusion criteria. The data obtained were subsequently subjected to a statistical meta-analysis based on mixed model methodology. Accordingly, different studies were treated as random effects whereas levels of saponin-rich source additions or different saponin sources were considered as fixed effects. Model statistics used were p-value and root mean square error. Results showed that an addition of increasing levels of a saponin-rich source decreased methane emission per unit of substrate incubated as well as per unit of total gas produced (p<0.05). There was a decrease in acetate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) and an increase in propionate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) with increasing levels of saponin. Log protozoal count decreased (p<0.05) at higher saponin levels. Comparing between different saponin-rich sources, all saponin sources, i.e. quillaja, tea and yucca saponins produced less methane per unit of total gas than that of control (p<0.05). Although numerically the order of effectiveness of saponin-rich sources in mitigating methane was yucca>tea>quillaja, statistically they did not differ each other. It can be concluded that methane mitigating properties of saponins in the rumen are level- and source-dependent.

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“…Several excellent studies provided an overview of the triterpenoids as potential agents for chemoprevention and therapy of breast cancer [9], [10]. Triterpenoid saponins are further classified into two major sub-classes: tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins according to the skeletal structures of the aglycones [11], [12]. Previous studies found that triterpenoid saponins showed inhibitory effect on various cancer cells by regulating different pathways, for example, EGFR [13], ER [14], Fas/FasL [15], PI3K/AKT [14] and MAPK pathways [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Apoptotic Effect of D Rhamnose β-Hederin, a Novel Oleanane-Type Triterpenoid Saponin on Breast Cancer Cells

et al. 2014

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There is growing interest in development of natural products as anti-cancer and chemopreventive agents. Many triterpenoids have been proved as potential agents for chemoprevention and therapy of breast cancer. Ginsenosides from ginseng, which mostly belong to dammarane-type triterpenoids, have gained great attention for their anti-breast cancer activity with diverse mechanisms. However, studies of other kinds of triterpenoid saponins on breast cancer are limited. Previously, we purified and identified a novel oleanane-type triterpene saponin named D Rhamnose β-hederin (DRβ-H) from Clematis ganpiniana, a Chinese traditional anti-tumor herb. In the present study, DRβ-H showed strong inhibitory activity on the growth of various breast cancer cells and induced apoptosis in these cells. DRβ-H inhibited PI3K/AKT and activated ERK signaling pathway. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 synergistically enhanced DRβ-H-induced apoptosis whereas MEK inhibitor U0126 reduced the apoptosis rate. Moreover, DRβ-H regulated the ratio of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Furthermore, DRβ-H induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential which released Apaf-1 and Cytochrome C from the inter membrane space into the cytosol, where they promoted caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. This is the first report on the pro-apoptotic effects of DRβ-H, a novel oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin, on breast cancer cells and its comprehensive apoptosis pathways. It implied that oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin DRβ-H could be a promising candidate for chemotherapy of breast cancer.

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Triterpenoid Saponins from the Genus Camellia

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

The effect of total and individual alfalfa saponins on rumen methane production

The effect of total and individual alfalfa saponins on rumen methane production

Meta-analysis on Methane Mitigating Properties of Saponin-rich Sources in the Rumen: Influence of Addition Levels and Plant Sources

The Apoptotic Effect of D Rhamnose β-Hederin, a Novel Oleanane-Type Triterpenoid Saponin on Breast Cancer Cells

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